Epistemic Injustice — Epistemic injustice occurs when prejudice or unequal social conditions wrong someone in their capacity to know, understand, or communicate an experience. Testimonial injustice involves unfairly discounting a person’s credibility, while hermeneutical injustice involves gaps in shared understanding that disadvantage particular groups. A victim’s account being dismissed because of stereotypes about victims illustrates how this injustice operates.

Added November 6, 2026