SCARS Editorial Team

About SCARS Editorial Team

This author has not yet filled in any details.
So far SCARS Editorial Team has created 324 blog entries.

A Compassionate Perspective on Justice – a SCARS Institute Editorial – 2024

A Compassionate Perspective on Justice – a SCARS Institute Editorial

A Compassionate Perspective on Criminal Justice and Recovery for Scam Victims

Primary Category: Editorial and Commentary

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The SCARS Institute offers a compassionate perspective on justice for scam victims, emphasizing that while accountability is essential, true justice should focus on restoring balance, not celebrating punishment. Victims face immense emotional and financial harm from scams, and seeing perpetrators arrested can bring relief. However, SCARS encourages victims to view arrests not as joyous events but as complex situations with broader societal implications.

Read More …

Chatbots ARE a Relationship Scam – Chatbot Part 5 – 2024

Chatbots ARE a Relationship Scam

Chatbots as the New “Relationship Scam”: How AI Companions Manipulate Users for Profit

Chatbots Part 5 :: Part 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 5

Primary Category: Artificial Intelligence

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Portions from Third-Party Sources

About This Article

The rise of AI-driven chatbots like Character.AI and Replika has given users a new type of “digital companion” marketed as a source of emotional support, but the dynamics at play resemble those of a “relationship scam.” Through deliberate psychological manipulation and addictive design, these platforms foster emotional dependence, compelling users to form deep attachments to the chatbot.

Just as romance scammers use neuropsychological tactics to lure victims into financially supportive relationships, AI chatbots leverage reward-based, personalized responses to create a dependency that keeps users engaged, often transitioning them into paying subscribers. This dependency taps into powerful brain mechanisms, releasing dopamine and oxytocin, making the interaction addictive and sometimes coercive, potentially harming users’ mental health and financial stability.

Read More …

The Case Against Character.AI Chatbot and the Terrible Death of a 14 year old Boy – Chatbots Part 4 – 2024

The Case Against Character.AI Chatbot and the Terrible Death of a 14-Year-Old Boy

Lawsuit Alleges Negligence and Wrongful Death Due to Emotional Manipulation by AI Chatbot: Mother Sues Character.AI and Google Over Her Son’s Suicide – the Lawsuit is Brought by Megan Garcia on Behalf of Her Late Son Sewell Setzer II

Chatbots Part 4 :: Part 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 5

Primary Category: Artificial Intelligence

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Portions by the Attorney’s for Megan Garcia

About This Article

The lawsuit, filed by Megan Garcia on behalf of her deceased son Sewell Setzer III, brings forth claims against Character Technologies, Inc. (the creator of Character.AI), its founders, and Google LLC for wrongful death, negligence, product liability, and emotional distress. The suit argues that the generative AI chatbot platform, Character.AI, was developed and marketed with inadequate safety controls and actively targeted vulnerable minors, including Sewell, who was 14 at the time.

The plaintiff alleges that Character.AI’s design encouraged addictive, anthropomorphic interactions with AI “characters” that could manipulate users emotionally, even engaging in inappropriate and harmful conversations with Sewell, ultimately leading to his mental health decline and suicide.

Read More …

The Battle for the AI Future Has Begun! It Starts with Chatbots – Part 3 – 2024

The Battle for the AI Future Has Begun! It starts with Chatbots

Editorial: The Hidden Dangers of AI Chatbots for Vulnerable Individuals and Children

Chatbots Part 3 :: Part 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 5

Primary Category: Artificial Intelligence

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Portion By the Center for Humane Technology

Part 1 :: Part 2

About This Article

The rapid, unregulated spread of AI chatbots, though promising for convenience and information access, presents significant risks, especially for vulnerable individuals and children.

Chatbots, lacking real empathy or the intuition to handle distress, can inadvertently worsen mental health issues or mislead impressionable young users with unfiltered information, blurring boundaries between human interaction and automated responses.

Without safeguards like age-appropriate content filters, mental health disclaimers, or privacy protections, these tools expose users to psychological harm and privacy breaches, often unchecked.

Read More …

Symbols in Our Minds – Icons, Symbols, and Logos Trigger Automatic Responses in Scam Victims – 2024

Symbols in Our Minds – Icons, Symbols, and Logos Trigger Automatic Responses in Scam Victims

The Symbols of our Time: Symbols, Icons, and Logos Have a Deep Connection with our Minds Especially Important for Scam Victims

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Understanding symbols and their use in the context of scams is crucial for scam victims because it can reveal the psychological strategies that scammers employ to manipulate trust and exploit emotions. Symbols, logos, and icons are powerful visual cues that influence how the brain processes information, often bypassing logical thinking to trigger instinctual or emotional responses.

Scammers leverage this by mimicking trusted symbols from legitimate institutions, using familiar logos, security badges, or even simple color choices to make their schemes appear credible and urgent.

For victims, recognizing these visual manipulations can help them critically assess the legitimacy of emails, websites, and documents, thereby reducing susceptibility to fraud.

Read More …

For Family & Friends of Scam Victims: Unintentional Toxic Comments to Avoid – 2024

Unintentional Toxic Comments to Avoid

The Unintentionally Toxic Comments that Friends and Family, and Advocates Make that are Toxic for Scam Victims-Survivors and That Should Be Avoided

FOR ADVOCATES, FRIENDS, AND FAMILY OF SCAM VICTIMS

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Supporting scam victims through recovery requires sensitivity and an awareness of how certain comments can be unintentionally harmful. Statements that blame, minimize, or dismiss their experience can amplify feelings of shame, guilt, and isolation, often deepening their emotional wounds.

Phrases like “You should have known better” or “Just move on” imply a lack of understanding and invalidate their pain, making them feel as though their trauma is unworthy of compassion or attention. Overly simplistic advice, such as “Stay positive” or “Forgive and forget,” minimizes the complex emotional journey of healing, while comparison with others’ experiences can make victims feel insignificant.

Read More …

FTC’s New Regulation Against Fake Reviews Take Effect – 2024

FTC’s New Regulation Against Fake Reviews Take Effect

United States Federal Trade Commission Announces Final Rule Banning Fake Reviews and Testimonials

Primary Category: Government Regulation

Author:
•  SCARS Editorial Team – Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Portions by the United States Federal Trade Commission
•  Analysis by Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has introduced a final rule to combat fake reviews and deceptive testimonials, marking a significant move to safeguard consumers from misleading practices. This rule explicitly prohibits the sale or purchase of false reviews, AI-generated reviews, and testimonials that misrepresent real customer experiences.

Businesses are banned from buying or incentivizing reviews with specific sentiments, and the rule also targets insider reviews by company employees or affiliates, requiring clear disclosure.

Additionally, the FTC is addressing the suppression of negative reviews through intimidation and the misuse of fake social media indicators, such as buying followers or views.

This new rule strengthens the FTC’s ability to seek civil penalties and hold businesses accountable, promoting fairness and transparency in the marketplace.

United States Federal Trade Commission Announces its Final Rule Banning Fake Reviews and Testimonials

The rule will allow the Federal Trade Commission to strengthen enforcement, seek civil penalties against violators, and deter AI-generated fake reviews

Federal Trade Commission Announces

The Federal Trade Commission today announced a final rule that will combat fake reviews and testimonials by prohibiting their sale or purchase and allow the agency to seek civil penalties against knowing violators.

“Fake reviews not only waste people’s time and money but also pollute the marketplace and divert business away from honest competitors,” said FTC Chair Lina M. Khan. “By strengthening the FTC’s toolkit to fight deceptive advertising, the final rule will protect Americans from getting cheated, put businesses that unlawfully game the system on notice, and promote markets that are fair, honest, and competitive.”

The final rule announced today follows an advance notice of proposed rulemaking and a notice of proposed rulemaking announced in November 2022 and June 2023, respectively. The FTC also held an informal hearing on the proposed rule in February 2024. In response to public comments, the Commission made numerous clarifications and adjustments to its previous proposal.

The Final Rule Prohibits

  • Fake or False Consumer Reviews, Consumer Testimonials, and Celebrity Testimonials: The final rule addresses reviews and testimonials that misrepresent that they are by someone who does not exist, such as AI-generated fake reviews, or who did not have actual experience with the business or its products or services, or that misrepresent the experience of the person giving it. It prohibits businesses from creating or selling such reviews or testimonials. It also prohibits them from buying such reviews, procuring them from company insiders, or disseminating such testimonials, when the business knew or should have known that the reviews or testimonials were fake or false.
  • Buying Positive or Negative Reviews: The final rule prohibits businesses from providing compensation Read More …

For Advocates: Using Forthright Confrontation to Support Scam Victims – 2024

For Advocates: Using Forthright Confrontation to Support Scam Victims

Forthright Confrontation is a Communication Method Victims’ Services Providers and Advocates can use to Support Traumatized Scam Victims

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Portions based on the work by Dr. Jordan B. Peterson

About This Article

Forthright confrontation is a direct communication strategy that allows victims’ service providers and advocates to address difficult issues head-on, while still maintaining empathy and support.

This approach, emphasized by figures like Jordan B. Peterson, helps scam victims confront feelings of shame, guilt, or denial by clearly presenting the reality of their situation without avoiding tough conversations.

It encourages victims to face the trauma they’ve experienced, acknowledge it, and take active steps toward recovery. When used with care, forthright confrontation empowers victims to reclaim control over their lives by breaking through emotional barriers and fostering personal growth.

Forthright Confrontation is a Communication Method Victims’ Services Providers and Advocates can use to Support Traumatized Scam Victims

What is Forthright Confrontation?

Forthright confrontation is a communication strategy where someone addresses an issue, concern, or conflict in a direct, honest, and assertive manner.

The goal is to clearly present the problem or point of disagreement without sugarcoating or avoiding the issue while maintaining respect and fairness in the conversation. This approach emphasizes openness, transparency, and taking responsibility for one’s feelings and perspectives while encouraging the other party to do the same. It has been promoted by Dr. Jordan B. Perterson.

In forthright confrontation, the person engaging in this style of communication aims to resolve a conflict or clarify misunderstandings by bringing the issue to the forefront, ensuring that it is addressed and not ignored or swept under the rug. It is often used in conflict resolution, therapy, leadership, or personal relationships to promote honesty and foster a solution-oriented environment. In this way, it is an important part of the ‘exposure’ process to help scam victims-survivors face their issues head-on.

While forthright confrontation can be effective in resolving issues, it requires careful handling to avoid coming across as aggressive or insensitive. The key is balancing directness with empathy, ensuring that the conversation remains constructive.

Using Forthright Confrontation

Using forthright confrontation to support traumatized scam victims can be a delicate but effective approach when handled with care and empathy. Here’s how it can be applied:

Establish Trust and Empathy

Before engaging in forthright confrontation, it’s crucial to build a foundation of trust. Scam victims often feel shame, guilt, or isolation due to the nature of the exploitation. Ensure that they feel understood and supported. This includes affirming their experience and emotions without judgment.

Example:

“I know that what you went through was incredibly painful, and it’s understandable to feel angry or ashamed. It’s important to address these feelings openly, and I’m here to support you.”

Clearly & Directly Address the Issue

Once trust is established, gently but directly confront the victim’s behaviors Read More …

Chatbots a New Evolution – Are They Romance Scams in Another Form? Part 2 – 2024

Chatbots a New Evolution – Are They Romance Scams in Another Form?

Chatbots: The Evolution, Capabilities, and Risks – But Are They Really Just a New Form of Romance Scam?

The Second Article in our Series About the Dangers of Chatbots

Chatbots Part 2 :: Part 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 5

Primary Category: Artificial Intelligence

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The tragic case of a 14-year-old’s suicide after interacting with the Character.ai chatbot has raised serious concerns about the potential for AI chatbots to cause severe emotional distress.

These chatbots, while designed to simulate human empathy, lack the ethical and emotional understanding necessary to handle complex emotional states. This creates a dangerous feedback loop where vulnerable users, particularly those experiencing mental health challenges, may receive responses that validate or amplify harmful thoughts, rather than offering real support.

The incident underscores the need for stronger ethical guidelines, proper oversight, and built-in safeguards to protect users from such potentially dangerous interactions.

Read More …

The Battle Against TikTok – Montana USA Attorney General Lawsuit – 2024

The Battle Against TikTok – Montana USA Attorney General Lawsuit

Montana Attorney General Sues TikTok for Harmful Content and Deceptive Practices Targeting Children

Primary Category: News

Authors:
•  SCARS Editorial Team – Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Portions by the Montana’s Attorney General’s Office

About This Article

Attorney General Austin Knudsen’s lawsuit against TikTok accuses the platform of targeting children and teens with addictive and harmful content, while misleading parents about the app’s safety features.

The lawsuit highlights the app’s failure to adequately restrict mature content, including explicit sexual, drug-related, and self-harm material, despite its claims of having safeguards like Restricted Mode. Knudsen seeks to hold TikTok accountable for violating the Montana Consumer Protection Act, emphasizing the app’s role in damaging the mental and physical well-being of young users through its deceptive practices.

Read More …

ChatBots and the Extreme Psychological Dangers Associated With Them – 2024

ChatBots and the Extreme Psychological Dangers Associated With Them

The Psychological Dangers of Interacting with AI-Powered Chatbots: Projection, Transference, and Emotional Attachment

Including an Overview and Analysis by the SCARS Institute Exposing Extreme Dangers and Ethical Concerns of Chatbots such as Character.AI

Chatbots Part 1 :: Part 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 5

Primary Category: Artificial Intelligence

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  With the Assistance of other Artificial Intelligence

About This Article

As AI chatbots become more integrated into daily life, their utility often blurs the line between functional assistance and emotional engagement. While they offer convenience and valuable support for tasks, they also pose significant psychological risks, particularly for vulnerable individuals like scam victims in recovery, teens, or those facing emotional isolation.

Emotional dangers arise when users project their feelings onto chatbots, forming one-sided attachments based on the illusion of empathy and care. This dependency can distort reality, leading users to rely on chatbots for emotional validation rather than seeking real human connections. Given that chatbots lack genuine emotional intelligence or ethical guidance, their responses may inadvertently reinforce unhealthy emotional patterns, delaying true recovery and personal growth.

Read More …

Secondary-Gaslighting and the Effect it has on Scam Victims’ Recovery – 2024

Secondary-Gaslighting and the Effect it has on Scam Victims

Secondary Gaslighting: How Families and Friends Can Create a Hidden Barrier for Scam Victims’ Recovery

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Secondary gaslighting occurs when a scam victim’s experiences are invalidated or dismissed by family or friends after they’ve already been manipulated by scammers.

In the context of scam victims, this can manifest as loved ones minimizing the trauma, blaming the victim, or questioning their feelings. This further damages the victim’s emotional recovery, leading to isolation, prolonged trauma, and erosion of self-esteem.

Avoiding secondary gaslighting involves active listening, empathy, avoiding blame, and encouraging professional help to ensure a supportive environment for healing.

Read More …

Google Adds 5 New Protections on Google Messages to Help Keep You Safe – 2024

Google Adds 5 New Protections on Google Messages to Help Keep You Safe

The latest news and insights from Google on security and safety on the Internet from October 2024

Primary Category: Industry News

Authors:
•  SCARS Editorial Team – Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Google Blog

About This Article

Google’s October 2024 update to Google Messages introduces five new security features aimed at enhancing user safety. These protections include advanced scam detection for package delivery and job-related scams, intelligent warnings about potentially dangerous links, and controls to block messages from unknown international senders.

Additionally, users will benefit from sensitive content warnings, which blur images containing nudity, and a new contact verification feature to prevent impersonation. These updates aim to make messaging more secure, particularly as cyber threats continue to evolve, providing a layered defense against phishing, fraud, and privacy breaches. However, staying vigilant and educating users remains crucial, as no solution is completely foolproof.

Read More …

Scammer Control Mechanisms – Dominance and Manipulation of Scam Victims – 2024

Scammer Control Mechanisms – Dominance and Manipulation of Scam Victims

How Scammers Maintain Control Over Their Scam Victims: Tactics, Control & Dominance – Monitoring Mechanisms, and Psychological Effects

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Scammers exert control over their victims using various psychological manipulation tactics, including monitoring online activity, requesting personal photos and screenshots, gaslighting, and creating fake crises. These techniques are designed to keep victims compliant, confused, and emotionally dependent. Victims often experience heightened anxiety, emotional exhaustion, and eroded self-esteem due to the continuous control and monitoring.

The scammers’ demands and manipulations mirror tactics used by narcissistic abusers, such as isolation, reality distortion, and undermining the victim’s sense of autonomy. Families and friends can play a crucial role in helping victims break free by offering empathetic support, avoiding judgment, and guiding them towards resources and counseling.

Read More …

The ‘4 SEEN’ Questions to Reduce Emotional Triggers – 2024

The ‘4 SEEN’ Questions to Reduce Emotional Triggers

The 4 SEEN Questions: A Guide for Scam Victims to Manage Emotional Triggers During Recovery

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The “4 SEEN” questions—Is it SAFE? Is it EXPECTED? Is it ESSENTIAL? Is it NECESSARY NOW?—offer a practical framework for scam victims to manage emotional triggers and regain control during their recovery process.

These questions help individuals assess their emotional responses, reducing unnecessary anxiety and guiding them toward calmer, more rational reactions. By asking if a situation is safe or expected, victims can differentiate between real threats and lingering trauma-induced fears. Evaluating whether emotional reactions are essential or need immediate attention helps victims avoid being overwhelmed by past feelings of shame, guilt, or anger.

Read More …

Subliminal Messaging and Scams – A Deeper Look – 2024

Subliminal Messaging and Scams – A Deeper Look

How Scammer’s Subliminal Messaging Works on the Brain of Scam Victims: An In-Depth Exploration

Part 2 of a 2-Part Series – Part 1 is on RomanceScamsNOW.com

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Subliminal messaging works by presenting stimuli—whether visual or auditory—that are below the threshold of conscious awareness, meaning they are perceived subconsciously. The brain processes these inputs using sensory systems like the visual and auditory cortices, while regions such as the amygdala and hippocampus handle emotional responses and memory integration.

These subliminal messages can influence thoughts, emotions, and behaviors by activating existing associations or “priming” the brain for specific actions. Scammers use these techniques to manipulate victims in relationship scams, embedding subtle emotional triggers in their communication to deepen control.

Read More …

Scam Victims-Survivors: Stop Consuming Artificial Sweeteners NOW for Your Trauma and Brain! – 2024

Scam Victims-Survivors: Stop Consuming Artificial Sweeteners NOW for Your Trauma and Brain!

The Role of Glucose in Brain Function and the Impact of Artificial Sweeteners on Individuals with Trauma such as Scam Victims-Survivors

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Glucose is essential for proper brain function, particularly in supporting cognitive tasks like memory, attention, and decision-making. For individuals recovering from trauma, such as scam victims-survivors, the brain’s need for glucose becomes even more critical.

Artificial sweeteners, often used to replace sugar, fail to provide the necessary energy the brain requires, potentially exacerbating cognitive and emotional difficulties. Studies also indicate that artificial sweeteners can interfere with the brain’s reward system, contributing to mood fluctuations, impaired memory, and increased cravings, which can worsen the effects of trauma. For trauma survivors, it’s important to prioritize a balanced diet with natural glucose sources to support mental health and cognitive function while being cautious of the potential negative impacts of artificial sweeteners.

Read More …

5 Simple Ways for Scam Victims-Survivors to Avoid Common Thinking (Decision-Making) Errors During Scam Recovery – 2024

5 Simple Ways for Scam Victims-Survivors to Avoid Common Thinking Errors During Scam Recovery

Helping Scam Victims-Survivors Control Their Decision Making and Biases

Primary Category:

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Recovering from a scam is a challenging process that often involves addressing thinking errors that can impede decision-making and emotional recovery. Scam victims may fall into common traps such as cognitive biases, emotional reasoning, overconfidence, and all-or-nothing thinking, which can cloud judgment and hinder progress.

Additionally, biases like hindsight and memory distortion can lead to excessive guilt, while ignoring the role of randomness may cause victims to overanalyze events. Victims may also struggle with attributional bias, either taking too much or too little blame. To move forward, it’s important to recognize these thinking errors, seek objective feedback, and practice self-awareness.

Read More …

The Matthew Principle and Scammers Getting Richer – 2024

The Matthew Principle and Scammers Getting Richer

The Economic ‘Matthew Principle’ Applies to Companies, People, and Strangely to Scammers & Victims Too!

Primary Category: Online Criminology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The Matthew Principle, which describes how “the rich get richer and the poor get poorer,” applies not only to economics, education, and science but also to online scammers and their victims.

Successful scammers, who accumulate resources, knowledge, and connections, become increasingly effective and target larger, more vulnerable victims. As they grow, their operations scale up, making them harder to detect and stop, while victims who have already been scammed are more likely to be targeted again.

Read More …

Broken Windows Theory of Policing to Reduce Online Crime – 2024

Broken Windows Theory of Policing to Reduce Online Crime

Exploring Ways that Online Platforms Have Neglected Their Users and Not Consistently Enforcement Their Own Rules

Primary Category: Online Criminology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The “Broken Windows” theory of policing, which emphasizes addressing minor infractions to prevent more serious crime, can be applied to combat online crime by maintaining order in digital spaces.

As online crime has surged in recent years, platforms need to focus on strict enforcement of rules against small offenses like spam, fake accounts, and minor cyber threats to prevent escalation into larger issues like identity theft, phishing, or hacking. By proactively monitoring activity, empowering users to report suspicious behavior, and fostering a secure online environment, platforms can create a culture of accountability.

Swift action against minor misconduct, collaboration with cybersecurity experts, and maintaining visible security measures can help prevent serious cybercrime and establish trust among users.

The Theory of Broken Windows in Policing Can Help With Reduce Online Crime

For the last two and a half decades, we have seen a continuous increase in online crime. The only real reductions took place in 2017 through 2019, but since then it has been growing at 70+% per year.

A theory that sheds some light on this is the ‘Broken Window’ theory of policing.

What is the Broken Windows Theory of Policing?

The “Broken Windows” theory of policing, developed by social scientists James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling in the early 1980s, suggests that visible signs of disorder and neglect, such as broken windows, graffiti, or public loitering, can lead to an increase in crime. The idea is that if minor issues are not addressed, it creates an environment where more serious crimes are more likely to occur.

Key principles of the theory:

  • Disorder Breeds Crime: Small signs of neglect, like a broken window, signal that no one is taking care of the property or neighborhood. This perceived lack of oversight can encourage further disorder, leading to more serious criminal activity.

  • Prevention Through Maintenance: By addressing minor offenses like vandalism, public intoxication, or fare evasion, police and communities can maintain order and prevent an escalation into more serious crimes. The theory supports the idea that maintaining a well-ordered environment helps prevent crime from taking root.

  • Community Involvement: It also emphasizes the role of community members in keeping neighborhoods safe. When people actively care for and maintain their surroundings, it can create a sense of shared responsibility, discouraging criminal behavior.

Critics of the theory argue that it has sometimes led to over-policing and disproportionately affects marginalized communities. Nonetheless, it has influenced policing strategies like “zero-tolerance” approaches, particularly in cities like New York in the 1990s.

Understanding ‘Broken Windows’ in the Online Space

The “Broken Windows” theory can be applied to online crime by emphasizing the importance of addressing minor Read More …

Conscientiousness for Scam Victim Recovery Helps Guarantee Success – 2024

Conscientiousness for Scam Victim Recovery Helps Guarantee Success

Conscientiousness in Scam Victim Recovery Makes a World of Difference

Primary Category: Philosophy of Scam Victim Recovery

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Conscientiousness plays a vital role in scam victim recovery by providing structure, discipline, and focus during a time of uncertainty and emotional distress. It involves setting clear goals, organizing daily tasks, and being mindful in decision-making, which helps victims regain control over their lives and rebuild confidence.

By practicing conscientiousness, scam victims can reduce anxiety, create predictability, and develop resilience in the face of emotional and financial challenges. Integrating conscientious habits into daily life—such as financial planning, self-care, and setting relationship boundaries—enables victims to move forward with clarity, stability, and a renewed sense of empowerment.

Read More …

The Fear of Being Wrong Keeps Scam Victims Vulnerable – 2024

The Fear of Being Wrong Keeps Scam Victims Vulnerable

The Fear of Being Wrong: How It Becomes a Major Vulnerability to Scams and Continues to Make Scam Victims Vulnerable

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The fear of being wrong is a powerful psychological force that scammers exploit to manipulate and trap their victims. Rooted in cognitive biases, logical fallacies, defense mechanisms, and psychological schemas, this fear prevents individuals from recognizing red flags or admitting they were deceived, often keeping them engaged with the scam even when evidence suggests otherwise.

Scammers use this fear to their advantage, creating emotional dependence and reinforcing the victim’s need to feel right. To recover and protect themselves from future scams, victims must confront and overcome this fear by embracing self-awareness, humility, and the ability to learn from mistakes. Acknowledging that being wrong is part of the human experience is key to breaking free from deception and reclaiming emotional and psychological autonomy.

Read More …

BREAKING NEWS: FinCEN Assesses Record $1.3 Billion Penalty against TD Bank – 2024

BREAKING NEWS: FinCEN Assesses Record $1.3 Billion Penalty against TD Bank

Punishing a U.S. Bank for Massive Violations of Money Laundering Practices

Primary Category: NEWS

Author:
•  SCARS Editorial Team – Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Portions: FinCEN

About This Article

The $1.3 billion penalty assessed by FinCEN against TD Bank for massive violations of anti-money laundering (AML) practices marks a pivotal moment in U.S. banking safety and regulatory compliance.

TD Bank’s failure to implement an effective AML program enabled widespread criminal activity, including narcotics trafficking, human trafficking, and terrorist financing, to penetrate the financial system. The historic settlement underscores the critical importance of robust AML controls and serves as a warning to other financial institutions about the severe consequences of neglecting these safeguards.

Moving forward, U.S. banks must prioritize AML compliance and develop strong internal oversight to protect the financial system from illicit activity.

Read More …

Dostoevsky’s Views on Pain and Suffering and Their Impact on Scam Victims – 2024

Dostoevsky’s Views on Pain and Suffering and Their Impact on Scam Victims

From Suffering to Strength: Dostoevsky’s Insights on Healing and Growth for Scam Victims

Primary Category: Philosophy of Scam Victim Recovery

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Fyodor Dostoevsky’s philosophy of suffering, morality, and faith offers a powerful framework for scam victims seeking recovery and personal growth. He viewed suffering as an essential part of the human condition, one that can lead to self-discovery, redemption, and transformation.

For victims of scams, this perspective provides a way to reframe their trauma as an opportunity for emotional and moral growth. By embracing the pain of loss and betrayal, and focusing on inner resilience rather than external material attachments, scam victims can embark on a journey toward healing and greater self-awareness, ultimately achieving post-traumatic growth.

Read More …

Game Theory and Online Scams – 2024

Game Theory and Online Scams

Understanding and Reducing the Risks of Online and Phones Scams

Subtitle

Primary Category: Mechanics of Scams

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Game theory provides valuable insights into the strategies used by both scammers and potential victims in online scams.

Scammers manipulate their targets through urgency, deception, and emotional exploitation to maximize their gains. Victims, on the other hand, are in a position of uncertainty and must decide whether the situation is legitimate or fraudulent. By applying game theory principles, victims can develop strategies such as increasing skepticism, verifying information, delaying decisions, and focusing on long-term risks rather than short-term gains.

This approach helps individuals better navigate the strategic “game” of online scams, reducing their vulnerability to fraud.

Read More …

Disinformation, Spam, and Scams are Making People More Susceptible to Scams – 2024

Disinformation, Spam, and Scams are Making People More Susceptible to Scams

The Impact of Disinformation, Spam, and Scam on Scam Victim Vulnerability to Scams: How Disinformation Overload Numbs the Mind to Real Dangers

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The constant bombardment of disinformation and information overload can numb individuals’ awareness to real dangers, such as scams and fraud. With the overwhelming amount of content we face daily, our ability to critically evaluate and process important information diminishes. Disinformation, like spam, confuses and desensitizes us, often leading to cognitive fatigue, reduced attention, and emotional manipulation.

This leaves individuals more vulnerable to scams, as they struggle to discern truth from deception amidst the clutter. Critical thinking, careful evaluation, and mindful information consumption are key defenses against this disorienting environment, helping people regain focus and protect themselves from fraudulent schemes.

Read More …

Arthur Schopenhauer ‘The Pain of Life’ – Understanding a Philosophical View of Suffering – 2024

Arthur Schopenhauer ‘The Pain of Life’ – Understanding a Philosophical View of Suffering

Arthur Schopenhauer’s View on Attachment and Suffering and How It Applies to Scam Victims

Primary Category: Philosophy of Scam Victim Recovery

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Arthur Schopenhauer’s philosophy on attachment and suffering can offer valuable insights for scam victims dealing with emotional trauma. He believed that human suffering is rooted in attachments to desires, people, or material things, which are inherently impermanent.

For scam victims, emotional recovery involves recognizing that their attachment to the illusion of what was lost—whether money, relationships, or trust—is the source of their suffering. By accepting life’s impermanence, practicing detachment, and focusing inward, victims can find emotional freedom and begin healing from the trauma of their experience.

Read More …

Becoming Formidable Through Recovery for Scam Victims – 2024

Becoming Formidable Through Recovery for Scam Victims

A Guide for Scam Victims: Becoming Formidable After Trauma – Traumatic Growth

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Scam victims, often grappling with deep emotional trauma, can rebuild their lives and become formidable through psychological recovery. Drawing on teachings like those of Jordan Peterson, victims can choose either to remain weak and damaged or to rise above their pain.

By embracing responsibility for their healing, rebuilding self-confidence, practicing emotional intelligence, and learning persistence, victims can transform their suffering into personal strength. Through facing fears, developing self-discipline, and continuing to grow, scam victims can turn their traumatic experience into a catalyst for powerful personal development.

Read More …

Price’s Law and Scam Fraud & Cybercrime Awareness Education – 2024

Price’s Law and Scam Fraud & Cybercrime Awareness Education

Applying Price’s Law to Scam Awareness: Why Anti-Scam Education Often Fails

Primary Category: Advocacy and Policy

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

While Price’s Law highlights the limitations of broad anti-scam awareness campaigns, understanding this phenomenon can help refine and improve educational efforts.

By focusing on the highly engaged minority and creating more targeted, compelling content, organizations can increase the chances of success in their fight against scams and fraud. Though the majority may not engage meaningfully, leveraging the power of the informed few can drive significant change.

Read More …

Statement About Professional Care for Scam Victims – 2024

Statement About Professional Care for Scam Victims

Understanding the Need for Specialized Professional Care for Scam Victims

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

When forming opinions, especially on complex subjects like scam victimization and psychological trauma, it’s essential to rely on actual knowledge and experience. Understanding the neuropsychological impacts, such as how the brain’s response to scams mimics addiction, provides valuable insights into why victims struggle emotionally.

Generalized knowledge or misconceptions can mislead both victims and professionals, hindering recovery. By seeking specialized knowledge, particularly from trauma-informed professionals, victims can receive more effective support and achieve better outcomes in their healing process. Accurate, informed perspectives are key to proper recovery.

Read More …

A Desperate Scam Victim – Ann Mayers – Becomes A Bank Robber – 2024 [VIDEOS] – UPDATED: She Pleaded Guilty and is Going to Prison

A Desperate Scam Victim – Ann Mayers – Becomes A Bank Robber [UPDATED]

Ann Mayers, a Scam Victim lost her life savings and borrowed over $80,000 which she still owed. Out of Desperation, she decided to become a Bank Robber

However, the story is not as simple as it seems due to the trauma and cognitive impairment victims suffer from

Authors:
•  SCARS Editorial Team – Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Portions WLWT5 News and other sources

Originally published Apr 29, 2024 – Updated October 6, 2024

About This Article

Ann Mayers, a 74-year-old Ohio woman, turned to bank robbery in desperation after falling victim to an online scam.

Police responded to a robbery at AurGroup Credit Union, where Mayers demanded cash at gunpoint. She was later found at her home and confessed to the crime, admitting recent financial losses to an unidentified online scammer. Mayers faces charges of aggravated robbery and tampering with evidence, highlighting the tragic consequences of online scams.

Such scams often leave victims traumatized, affecting their cognitive function and decision-making abilities. Victims may experience cognitive dissonance, struggling to reconcile reality with their desire to believe in the legitimacy of the scam.

Read More …

Scam Victims Pain and Suffering – Sailing the 8 Worldly Winds – 2024

Scam Victims’ Pain and Suffering – Sailing the 8 Worldly Winds

A Guide for Scam Victims to Sail the 8 Worldly Winds: Through Pain and Suffering, Trauma and Grief, and Recovery

Primary Category: Philosophy of Scam Victim Recovery

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Viewing life through the lens of the 8 Worldly Winds—gain and loss, pleasure and pain, praise and blame, fame and disrepute—helps individuals, particularly scam victims, navigate emotional turmoil by recognizing the transient nature of experiences.

By understanding that both positive and negative events are impermanent, victims can cultivate emotional resilience, detach from extremes, and find peace. This perspective encourages mindful acceptance of life’s fluctuations, promoting healing and personal growth.

Scam victims can use this framework to manage suffering, regain self-worth, and rebuild their emotional balance.

Read More …

Scam Victims Finding Meaning in Life After the Scam – 2024

Scam Victims Finding Meaning in Life After the Scam

Understanding How To Let Go and Find Meaning and Purpose in Your Life After the Scam

Primary Category: Philosophy of Scams

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

After falling victim to a romance or crypto investment scam, individuals often face profound emotional and financial devastation. The journey toward recovery is one of emotional healing and rediscovery.

This begins with acceptance and acknowledgment of the pain and loss, allowing victims to confront their feelings without blame.

Practicing self-compassion is crucial, helping individuals treat themselves with kindness and understanding.

Forgiveness follows, releasing the burden of anger and guilt. Victims can find meaning through mindfulness practices,

Buddhist teachings, and volunteering, which shift focus outward, offering empowerment and connection.

Read More …

We are at Scams and Freedom Crossroads – an Editorial – 2024

We are at Scams and Freedom Crossroads

An Editorial About the Freedoms We May be Giving Up to Combat Scams!

Primary Category: Editorial & Commentary

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The global fight against scams and cybercrime is forcing governments to adopt increased surveillance and real-time monitoring measures that risk infringing on personal freedoms. Countries like the UK, Australia, and the U.S. are moving towards policies that allow governments and financial institutions to monitor financial transactions and personal data to prevent scams.

While these measures can enhance security, they also erode privacy and may lead to overreach. Individuals can protect themselves by advocating for privacy rights, using encrypted services, limiting data sharing, and staying informed about their digital rights. Balancing security and freedom is essential in shaping the future of online safety.

Read More …

Some Thoughts on the Nature of Evil and Scam Victims – Especially Betrayal as an Evil Act – 2024

Some Thoughts on the Nature of Evil and Scam Victims – Especially Betrayal as an Evil Act

A Taxonomy of Evil – Helping Scam Victims to Understand the Evil That Was Done to Them

Primary Category: Philosophy of Scams

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Evil is a very complex concept, with philosophical, psychological, and moral dimensions, and understanding it can help scam victims process the harm done to them.

This taxonomy of evil categorizes harmful actions based on intent and impact, such as intentional evil, where harm is deliberate, and instrumental evil, where harm is a byproduct of another goal, such as greed or desperation. It’s important to separate evil acts from inherently evil individuals—scammers often act out of financial need or pressure, not intrinsic malice. Understanding this distinction is important for justice, rehabilitation, and emotional recovery for victims.

Read More …

Fantasizing and the Dopamine Trap – 2024

Fantasizing and the Dopamine Trap

How Fantasizing and Daydreaming Fuel the Scam Victim’s Dopamine Trap in Romance and Investment Scams: A Neurological Perspective

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Fantasizing plays a crucial role in keeping scam victims trapped in a cycle of manipulation, largely due to its impact on the brain’s dopamine system. When victims daydream about the promised romantic relationship or financial windfall, their brains release dopamine, creating a sense of pleasure and reward. This neurological response tricks the brain into feeling satisfied, even though nothing tangible has been achieved.

Scammers exploit this mechanism by feeding their victims just enough hope to keep them emotionally invested, allowing the brain to continually release dopamine and deepen the victim’s attachment to the fantasy. Over time, this creates a feedback loop where victims become reliant on these fantasies for emotional satisfaction, making it harder for them to recognize the scam and break free.

Read More …

The SCARS Insitute Tyrosine Diet: Nutrition and Stress Management for Scam Victims – 2024

The SCARS Insitute Tyrosine Diet: Nutrition and Stress Management for Scam Victims

Tyrosine and a Balanced Diet for Scam Victims to Help Reduce Stress and Improve Cognition

Primary Category: Scam Victim Health

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

For scam victims, a balanced diet is more than just about physical health—it is a key part of emotional and cognitive recovery. Consuming tyrosine-rich foods, managing stress through essential nutrients like B vitamins, magnesium, and omega-3s, and maintaining stable glucose levels are crucial steps toward regaining emotional balance, mental clarity, and overall well-being.

A strong focus on nutrition can help victims rebuild their lives, reconnect with loved ones, and strengthen their resilience in the aftermath of a traumatic experience. Proper nutrition is a powerful tool in the recovery journey, supporting both mental and physical healing.

Read More …

Why Bad Feelings Feel So Overwhelming for Scam Victims: A Look at the Brain’s Role – 2024

Bad Feelings and Scam Victims

Why Bad Feelings Feel So Overwhelming for Scam Victims: A Look at the Brain’s Role

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Scam victims often experience overwhelming and prolonged negative emotions due to how the brain processes perceived threats. The amygdala, which handles fear and anxiety, triggers a strong fight-or-flight response, leading to intense feelings of fear, shame, and guilt.

The prefrontal cortex, responsible for rational decision-making, becomes overwhelmed, making it harder to think clearly. The brain’s negativity bias ensures these bad feelings linger, as it prioritizes threats for survival. This is compounded by the “smoke detector” theory, where even small emotional triggers can provoke large, lasting responses.

Read More …

Impulsivity and the Fallacy Of Waiting a Few Seconds to Avoid Scams – 2024

Impulsivity and the Fallacy Of Waiting a Few Seconds to Avoid Scams

Impulsivity and Scam Victim’s Vulnerability: Understanding the Connection

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Author:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Impulsivity can deeply affect scam victims during and after a scam, making it difficult for them to recover emotionally and financially. The emotional manipulation that scammers use is designed to exploit impulsive behaviors, pushing victims into quick, unthinking decisions.

After a scam, victims often continue to experience impulsive reactions, such as rushing into new relationships or attempting to recover lost money through risky means, which only exacerbates their situation. Impulsivity also hinders recovery as victims may struggle with the patience needed for long-term healing programs.

Read More …

Heartbreak – What Is It? How Does It Affect Romance Scam Victims? – 2024

Heartbreak – What Is It? How Does It Affect Romance Scam Victims?

A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Recovering from Heartbreak for Scam Victims

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Romance scams are deeply damaging, not only financially but emotionally, often leaving victims feeling betrayed, humiliated, and angry. The psychological manipulation that scammers use is highly effective because it taps into victims’ emotions, making them vulnerable.

Scammers create fake identities, build trust over time, and manipulate victims into sending money or sensitive information.

Anger after a scam ends is a natural response for victims because of the profound betrayal and violation of trust. They often direct their frustration toward both the scammer and themselves for falling victim. This anger is part of the emotional and psychological trauma they must navigate during their recovery, requiring time, support, and self-compassion.

Read More …