Scam Victims

Subliminal Messaging and Scams – A Deeper Look – 2024

Subliminal Messaging and Scams – A Deeper Look

How Scammer’s Subliminal Messaging Works on the Brain of Scam Victims: An In-Depth Exploration

Part 2 of a 2-Part Series – Part 1 is on RomanceScamsNOW.com

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Subliminal messaging works by presenting stimuli—whether visual or auditory—that are below the threshold of conscious awareness, meaning they are perceived subconsciously. The brain processes these inputs using sensory systems like the visual and auditory cortices, while regions such as the amygdala and hippocampus handle emotional responses and memory integration.

These subliminal messages can influence thoughts, emotions, and behaviors by activating existing associations or “priming” the brain for specific actions. Scammers use these techniques to manipulate victims in relationship scams, embedding subtle emotional triggers in their communication to deepen control.

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Scam Victims-Survivors: Stop Consuming Artificial Sweeteners NOW for Your Trauma and Brain! – 2024

Scam Victims-Survivors: Stop Consuming Artificial Sweeteners NOW for Your Trauma and Brain!

The Role of Glucose in Brain Function and the Impact of Artificial Sweeteners on Individuals with Trauma such as Scam Victims-Survivors

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Glucose is essential for proper brain function, particularly in supporting cognitive tasks like memory, attention, and decision-making. For individuals recovering from trauma, such as scam victims-survivors, the brain’s need for glucose becomes even more critical.

Artificial sweeteners, often used to replace sugar, fail to provide the necessary energy the brain requires, potentially exacerbating cognitive and emotional difficulties. Studies also indicate that artificial sweeteners can interfere with the brain’s reward system, contributing to mood fluctuations, impaired memory, and increased cravings, which can worsen the effects of trauma. For trauma survivors, it’s important to prioritize a balanced diet with natural glucose sources to support mental health and cognitive function while being cautious of the potential negative impacts of artificial sweeteners.

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5 Simple Ways for Scam Victims-Survivors to Avoid Common Thinking (Decision-Making) Errors During Scam Recovery – 2024

5 Simple Ways for Scam Victims-Survivors to Avoid Common Thinking Errors During Scam Recovery

Helping Scam Victims-Survivors Control Their Decision Making and Biases

Primary Category:

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Recovering from a scam is a challenging process that often involves addressing thinking errors that can impede decision-making and emotional recovery. Scam victims may fall into common traps such as cognitive biases, emotional reasoning, overconfidence, and all-or-nothing thinking, which can cloud judgment and hinder progress.

Additionally, biases like hindsight and memory distortion can lead to excessive guilt, while ignoring the role of randomness may cause victims to overanalyze events. Victims may also struggle with attributional bias, either taking too much or too little blame. To move forward, it’s important to recognize these thinking errors, seek objective feedback, and practice self-awareness.

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The Matthew Principle and Scammers Getting Richer – 2024

The Matthew Principle and Scammers Getting Richer

The Economic ‘Matthew Principle’ Applies to Companies, People, and Strangely to Scammers & Victims Too!

Primary Category: Online Criminology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The Matthew Principle, which describes how “the rich get richer and the poor get poorer,” applies not only to economics, education, and science but also to online scammers and their victims.

Successful scammers, who accumulate resources, knowledge, and connections, become increasingly effective and target larger, more vulnerable victims. As they grow, their operations scale up, making them harder to detect and stop, while victims who have already been scammed are more likely to be targeted again.

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The Fear of Being Wrong Keeps Scam Victims Vulnerable – 2024

The Fear of Being Wrong Keeps Scam Victims Vulnerable

The Fear of Being Wrong: How It Becomes a Major Vulnerability to Scams and Continues to Make Scam Victims Vulnerable

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The fear of being wrong is a powerful psychological force that scammers exploit to manipulate and trap their victims. Rooted in cognitive biases, logical fallacies, defense mechanisms, and psychological schemas, this fear prevents individuals from recognizing red flags or admitting they were deceived, often keeping them engaged with the scam even when evidence suggests otherwise.

Scammers use this fear to their advantage, creating emotional dependence and reinforcing the victim’s need to feel right. To recover and protect themselves from future scams, victims must confront and overcome this fear by embracing self-awareness, humility, and the ability to learn from mistakes. Acknowledging that being wrong is part of the human experience is key to breaking free from deception and reclaiming emotional and psychological autonomy.

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Dostoevsky’s Views on Pain and Suffering and Their Impact on Scam Victims – 2024

Dostoevsky’s Views on Pain and Suffering and Their Impact on Scam Victims

From Suffering to Strength: Dostoevsky’s Insights on Healing and Growth for Scam Victims

Primary Category: Philosophy of Scam Victim Recovery

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Fyodor Dostoevsky’s philosophy of suffering, morality, and faith offers a powerful framework for scam victims seeking recovery and personal growth. He viewed suffering as an essential part of the human condition, one that can lead to self-discovery, redemption, and transformation.

For victims of scams, this perspective provides a way to reframe their trauma as an opportunity for emotional and moral growth. By embracing the pain of loss and betrayal, and focusing on inner resilience rather than external material attachments, scam victims can embark on a journey toward healing and greater self-awareness, ultimately achieving post-traumatic growth.

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Game Theory and Online Scams – 2024

Game Theory and Online Scams

Understanding and Reducing the Risks of Online and Phones Scams

Subtitle

Primary Category: Mechanics of Scams

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Game theory provides valuable insights into the strategies used by both scammers and potential victims in online scams.

Scammers manipulate their targets through urgency, deception, and emotional exploitation to maximize their gains. Victims, on the other hand, are in a position of uncertainty and must decide whether the situation is legitimate or fraudulent. By applying game theory principles, victims can develop strategies such as increasing skepticism, verifying information, delaying decisions, and focusing on long-term risks rather than short-term gains.

This approach helps individuals better navigate the strategic “game” of online scams, reducing their vulnerability to fraud.

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Arthur Schopenhauer ‘The Pain of Life’ – Understanding a Philosophical View of Suffering – 2024

Arthur Schopenhauer ‘The Pain of Life’ – Understanding a Philosophical View of Suffering

Arthur Schopenhauer’s View on Attachment and Suffering and How It Applies to Scam Victims

Primary Category: Philosophy of Scam Victim Recovery

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Arthur Schopenhauer’s philosophy on attachment and suffering can offer valuable insights for scam victims dealing with emotional trauma. He believed that human suffering is rooted in attachments to desires, people, or material things, which are inherently impermanent.

For scam victims, emotional recovery involves recognizing that their attachment to the illusion of what was lost—whether money, relationships, or trust—is the source of their suffering. By accepting life’s impermanence, practicing detachment, and focusing inward, victims can find emotional freedom and begin healing from the trauma of their experience.

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Becoming Formidable Through Recovery for Scam Victims – 2024

Becoming Formidable Through Recovery for Scam Victims

A Guide for Scam Victims: Becoming Formidable After Trauma – Traumatic Growth

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Scam victims, often grappling with deep emotional trauma, can rebuild their lives and become formidable through psychological recovery. Drawing on teachings like those of Jordan Peterson, victims can choose either to remain weak and damaged or to rise above their pain.

By embracing responsibility for their healing, rebuilding self-confidence, practicing emotional intelligence, and learning persistence, victims can transform their suffering into personal strength. Through facing fears, developing self-discipline, and continuing to grow, scam victims can turn their traumatic experience into a catalyst for powerful personal development.

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Scam Victims Pain and Suffering – Sailing the 8 Worldly Winds – 2024

Scam Victims’ Pain and Suffering – Sailing the 8 Worldly Winds

A Guide for Scam Victims to Sail the 8 Worldly Winds: Through Pain and Suffering, Trauma and Grief, and Recovery

Primary Category: Philosophy of Scam Victim Recovery

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Viewing life through the lens of the 8 Worldly Winds—gain and loss, pleasure and pain, praise and blame, fame and disrepute—helps individuals, particularly scam victims, navigate emotional turmoil by recognizing the transient nature of experiences.

By understanding that both positive and negative events are impermanent, victims can cultivate emotional resilience, detach from extremes, and find peace. This perspective encourages mindful acceptance of life’s fluctuations, promoting healing and personal growth.

Scam victims can use this framework to manage suffering, regain self-worth, and rebuild their emotional balance.

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Scam Victims Finding Meaning in Life After the Scam – 2024

Scam Victims Finding Meaning in Life After the Scam

Understanding How To Let Go and Find Meaning and Purpose in Your Life After the Scam

Primary Category: Philosophy of Scams

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

After falling victim to a romance or crypto investment scam, individuals often face profound emotional and financial devastation. The journey toward recovery is one of emotional healing and rediscovery.

This begins with acceptance and acknowledgment of the pain and loss, allowing victims to confront their feelings without blame.

Practicing self-compassion is crucial, helping individuals treat themselves with kindness and understanding.

Forgiveness follows, releasing the burden of anger and guilt. Victims can find meaning through mindfulness practices,

Buddhist teachings, and volunteering, which shift focus outward, offering empowerment and connection.

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We are at Scams and Freedom Crossroads – an Editorial – 2024

We are at Scams and Freedom Crossroads

An Editorial About the Freedoms We May be Giving Up to Combat Scams!

Primary Category: Editorial & Commentary

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The global fight against scams and cybercrime is forcing governments to adopt increased surveillance and real-time monitoring measures that risk infringing on personal freedoms. Countries like the UK, Australia, and the U.S. are moving towards policies that allow governments and financial institutions to monitor financial transactions and personal data to prevent scams.

While these measures can enhance security, they also erode privacy and may lead to overreach. Individuals can protect themselves by advocating for privacy rights, using encrypted services, limiting data sharing, and staying informed about their digital rights. Balancing security and freedom is essential in shaping the future of online safety.

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Some Thoughts on the Nature of Evil and Scam Victims – Especially Betrayal as an Evil Act – 2024

Some Thoughts on the Nature of Evil and Scam Victims – Especially Betrayal as an Evil Act

A Taxonomy of Evil – Helping Scam Victims to Understand the Evil That Was Done to Them

Primary Category: Philosophy of Scams

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Evil is a very complex concept, with philosophical, psychological, and moral dimensions, and understanding it can help scam victims process the harm done to them.

This taxonomy of evil categorizes harmful actions based on intent and impact, such as intentional evil, where harm is deliberate, and instrumental evil, where harm is a byproduct of another goal, such as greed or desperation. It’s important to separate evil acts from inherently evil individuals—scammers often act out of financial need or pressure, not intrinsic malice. Understanding this distinction is important for justice, rehabilitation, and emotional recovery for victims.

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Fantasizing and the Dopamine Trap – 2024

Fantasizing and the Dopamine Trap

How Fantasizing and Daydreaming Fuel the Scam Victim’s Dopamine Trap in Romance and Investment Scams: A Neurological Perspective

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Fantasizing plays a crucial role in keeping scam victims trapped in a cycle of manipulation, largely due to its impact on the brain’s dopamine system. When victims daydream about the promised romantic relationship or financial windfall, their brains release dopamine, creating a sense of pleasure and reward. This neurological response tricks the brain into feeling satisfied, even though nothing tangible has been achieved.

Scammers exploit this mechanism by feeding their victims just enough hope to keep them emotionally invested, allowing the brain to continually release dopamine and deepen the victim’s attachment to the fantasy. Over time, this creates a feedback loop where victims become reliant on these fantasies for emotional satisfaction, making it harder for them to recognize the scam and break free.

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Why Bad Feelings Feel So Overwhelming for Scam Victims: A Look at the Brain’s Role – 2024

Bad Feelings and Scam Victims

Why Bad Feelings Feel So Overwhelming for Scam Victims: A Look at the Brain’s Role

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Scam victims often experience overwhelming and prolonged negative emotions due to how the brain processes perceived threats. The amygdala, which handles fear and anxiety, triggers a strong fight-or-flight response, leading to intense feelings of fear, shame, and guilt.

The prefrontal cortex, responsible for rational decision-making, becomes overwhelmed, making it harder to think clearly. The brain’s negativity bias ensures these bad feelings linger, as it prioritizes threats for survival. This is compounded by the “smoke detector” theory, where even small emotional triggers can provoke large, lasting responses.

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Impulsivity and the Fallacy Of Waiting a Few Seconds to Avoid Scams – 2024

Impulsivity and the Fallacy Of Waiting a Few Seconds to Avoid Scams

Impulsivity and Scam Victim’s Vulnerability: Understanding the Connection

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Author:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Impulsivity can deeply affect scam victims during and after a scam, making it difficult for them to recover emotionally and financially. The emotional manipulation that scammers use is designed to exploit impulsive behaviors, pushing victims into quick, unthinking decisions.

After a scam, victims often continue to experience impulsive reactions, such as rushing into new relationships or attempting to recover lost money through risky means, which only exacerbates their situation. Impulsivity also hinders recovery as victims may struggle with the patience needed for long-term healing programs.

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Heartbreak – What Is It? How Does It Affect Romance Scam Victims? – 2024

Heartbreak – What Is It? How Does It Affect Romance Scam Victims?

A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Recovering from Heartbreak for Scam Victims

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Romance scams are deeply damaging, not only financially but emotionally, often leaving victims feeling betrayed, humiliated, and angry. The psychological manipulation that scammers use is highly effective because it taps into victims’ emotions, making them vulnerable.

Scammers create fake identities, build trust over time, and manipulate victims into sending money or sensitive information.

Anger after a scam ends is a natural response for victims because of the profound betrayal and violation of trust. They often direct their frustration toward both the scammer and themselves for falling victim. This anger is part of the emotional and psychological trauma they must navigate during their recovery, requiring time, support, and self-compassion.

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Helping Scam Victims Get Unstuck: Small Steps to Start Recovery and Move Forward – 2024

Helping Scam Victims Get Unstuck: Small Steps to Start Recovery and Move Forward

For those Scam Victims Who Are Just Beginning Their Recovery Journey and those Who Get Stuck Down the Road

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Scam victims often find it extremely difficult to start recovering from their trauma due to feelings of helplessness, betrayal, and emotional paralysis. The trauma impacts brain function, with fear and emotional distress overriding logical thinking.

The SCARS Institute addresses these challenges by using education as a tool for recovery, offering victims small, manageable steps through their Survivor’s School (www.SCARSeducation.org.) By engaging with daily educational materials, victims can gradually calm their minds, regain cognitive control, and start rebuilding their lives. This approach helps victims move forward at their own pace, fostering both emotional healing and self-compassion.

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Trauma Pleasing and Appeasing – The Impact on Identity and Self Worth – 2024

Trauma Pleasing and Appeasing – The Impact on Identity and Self-Worth

Helping Scam Victims Understand One of the Trauma Responses that Can Contribute to Vulnerability to Scams

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Trauma can significantly alter an individual’s behavior, leading to patterns of pleasing and appeasing others as a way to avoid conflict, feel safe, or prevent further harm. These behaviors often become deeply ingrained, making it difficult for trauma survivors to recognize their authentic identity. Scam victims are especially vulnerable to this cycle, as feelings of guilt and shame may drive them to seek external validation.

However, trauma can have the opposite effect as well, leading to overassertiveness, hyper-independence, or emotional withdrawal as self-protection mechanisms. Understanding these dynamics is critical for trauma recovery. By building self-awareness, victims can identify maladaptive behaviors, set boundaries, and ultimately rebuild their sense of self. Through support and conscious effort, they can break free from these patterns and foster emotional resilience.

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Trauma Responses or Just Personality Traits in Scam Victims? – 2024

Trauma Responses or Just Personality Traits in Scam Victims?

Many of the So-Called Personality Traits that Can Become Vulnerabilities in a Scam are Not Personality Traits, they are the Remnants of Past Traumas

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Many people unknowingly mistake trauma responses for aspects of their personality, not realizing that behaviors like chronic over-apologizing, people-pleasing, or inability to accept compliments are coping mechanisms rooted in past emotional pain. These responses often develop in reaction to trauma, where the brain adapts to perceived danger or emotional harm.

For scam victims, recognizing these behaviors as trauma responses rather than personality traits is crucial for recovery. It allows them to confront core issues such as mistrust or a need for validation, empowering them to rebuild boundaries and self-confidence.

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Understanding Boundaries & Accountability to Improve Scam Victims’ Recovery When They Communicate – 2024

Understanding Boundaries & Accountability to Improve Scam Victims’ Recovery When They Communicate

Communication is the Core of Recovery, but Communication Can Be Challenging for Scam Victims – This will Help Explain

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Triggers are especially challenging for scam victims because they often evoke intense emotional responses tied to their trauma. These triggers can be anything—words, situations, or even gestures—that remind victims of the scam or the betrayal they experienced. The brain’s trauma response system, particularly the amygdala, becomes activated when these triggers are encountered, which can overwhelm logical thinking and send victims into a state of emotional distress. This reaction happens because trauma alters how the brain processes stimuli, making victims hyper-sensitive to anything that resembles their painful experience. As a result, even benign situations can provoke fear, anxiety, or defensiveness, making it difficult for victims to engage in productive conversations or seek help effectively. Recognizing and learning to manage these triggers is essential for their emotional recovery and ability to move forward.

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Schemas Part 4: SCARS Institute Theory – Schema Conflict Resulting in Psychological Trauma – 2024

Schemas Part 4: SCARS Institute Schema Conflict Theory Resulting in Psychological Trauma

Exploring the Connection Between Schema Conflicts and the Experience of Psychological Trauma

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Authors:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

When a person’s core beliefs, or schemas, are confronted with conflicting experiences, it can significantly disrupt their psychological equilibrium and result in trauma.

Schemas are deeply ingrained mental models that help individuals process the world based on past experiences. When a scam victim’s schema (such as trust in others or belief in financial security) is shattered, they experience cognitive dissonance and emotional distress.

The severity of the trauma depends on their ability to reconcile the conflicting experience with their mental framework. If they cannot resolve the disparity, it leads to heightened emotional turmoil, difficulty trusting others, and lasting psychological impacts.

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Schemas Part 3: Schemas/Mental Model & Cognition – 2024

Schemas Part 3: Schemas/Mental Model & Cognition

Expanding Our Understanding of the Mental Model Cognitive Shortcuts

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Schemas, the mental frameworks that help us organize and interpret information, can profoundly influence how we store and retrieve memories. These frameworks help us process new experiences by fitting them into pre-existing categories. However, this can lead to memory distortion, as schemas can reshape how we recall past events.

For example, we may recall events in ways that align with our existing beliefs, even if those details never occurred. This process can result in selective memory, where information consistent with our schemas is remembered more vividly while conflicting details are forgotten or altered.

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Schemas Part 2: A Catalog of Schemas/Mental Model Types – 2024

Schemas Part 2: A Catalog of Schema/Mental Model Types

Better Understanding the Various Kinds Of Mental Model Cognitive Shortcuts

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Schemas, also known as mental models, are cognitive frameworks that help individuals organize and interpret the vast array of information they encounter. They are built from life experiences, memories, and learned patterns and play a significant role in how we understand the world. Schemas help to simplify complex information and enable individuals to predict outcomes and respond to situations based on past experiences.

While these frameworks can help streamline decision-making and understanding, they are not always accurate reflections of reality. For scam victims, schemas often shape their perception of trust and relationships.

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Schemas Part 1: Mental Models and Cognitive Shortcuts and Scam Victims – 2024

Schemas Part 1: Mental Models and Cognitive Shortcuts and Scam Victims

Another Way in which our Mental or Cognitive Shortcuts can be Used Against Us!

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Schemas are mental frameworks that help people organize and interpret the information they encounter based on prior experiences and observations. These mental models are not always accurate reflections of reality but are shaped by positive or negative experiences and can be influenced by both true and false information.

For scam victims, these schemas can hide the truth by leading them to believe that the scammer’s actions fit the pattern of a trustworthy person. During the scam, the mental models they’ve built prevent them from seeing red flags or inconsistencies, as they subconsciously try to fit new information into their existing beliefs.

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A Quick Lesson in Cryptocurrency Asset Forfeiture for Scam Victims – 2024

A Quick Lesson in Asset Forfeiture for Scam Victims

A Commentary on the Process of Recovering Cryptocurrency

Primary Category: Guest Editorial

Author:
Val Harkless, Senior Fraud Analyst/Investigator

About This Article

Cryptocurrency asset forfeiture for scam victims is a challenging process primarily due to limited resources and complex legal procedures. Investigators and agencies face significant hurdles, including a lack of trained personnel, high prosecution thresholds (typically between $300,000 to $500,000), and minimal experience in handling crypto-related investigations.

Asset forfeiture typically falls under three categories: administrative, criminal, and civil judicial, with most major cryptocurrency forfeitures processed through civil judicial actions.

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Scam Victims’ Do It Yourself Recovery: Dangers of Equivocation, Minimization, and Reductive Language – 2024

Dangers of Equivocation, Minimization, and Reductive Language

How Language Influences Thought and Impacts Recovery

Primary Category: Scam Victims’ Do It Yourself Recovery

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Equivocation, minimization, and reductive language are harmful tools that scam victims often use to downplay or distort their trauma, making the recovery process more difficult. These language patterns may initially offer emotional relief by avoiding the painful reality of the scam, but they ultimately hinder healing.

By minimizing the severity of their experience, victims delay recognizing and processing the emotional and psychological damage they have endured, which can lead to long-term distress, anxiety, and even post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This type of language also reinforces self-blame, prevents emotional validation, and limits the support victims receive from others.

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Co-Dependency: Another Perspective of Scam Victimization and Control – 2024

Co-Dependency: Another Perspective of Scam Victimization and Control

Helping Scam Victims Understand the Many Aspects of the Psychology of Scams that Made Them Vulnerable and Controllable

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Co-dependency plays a major role in why scam victims may fall prey to scammers repeatedly.

It involves an excessive emotional or psychological reliance on others, making victims susceptible to manipulation. Scam victims often feel a strong urge to help or “save” others, and scammers exploit this by creating situations that trigger this impulse.

Breaking the cycle of co-dependency requires self-awareness, emotional boundaries, and learning defensive behaviors to protect against manipulation. Victims must focus on their own well-being and recognize when their empathy is being exploited.

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Empathy or Sensitivity: a Primary Vulnerability in Scam Victims – 2024

Empathy or Sensitivity: a Primary Vulnerability in Scam Victims

How A Personality Type Can Affect Scam Victim Vulnerability

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Empaths and highly sensitive individuals are more vulnerable to romance scams due to their compassionate and emotionally open nature. Scammers exploit these traits by manipulating their empathy, creating false emotional bonds, and making them feel responsible for helping or saving the scammer.

This manipulation traps victims in fraudulent relationships, making it difficult for them to leave due to guilt and self-blame. Empaths must recognize these vulnerabilities, set boundaries, and trust their instincts to avoid falling victim to such scams. Recognizing emotional manipulation early can help protect them from further harm.

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Motivated Reasoning – A Cognitive Bias That Deeply Affects Scam Victims Especially During Recovery – 2024

Motivated Reasoning – A Cognitive Bias

A Cognitive Bias That Deeply Affects Scam Victims Especially During Recovery

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Motivated reasoning is a cognitive bias where individuals interpret information to align with their desires or beliefs, often at the expense of objectivity.

Scam victims may rely on this bias to ignore red flags during the scam or rationalize decisions that go against their best interests. Even during recovery, motivated reasoning can lead them to overestimate their progress by focusing on minor successes and avoiding deeper emotional work.

Recognizing and addressing this bias is key to making informed decisions and achieving genuine recovery.
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A Philosophical Comparison Between Gambling and Scam Victims – 2024

A Philosophical Comparison Between Gambling and Scam Victims

Understanding Blaise Pascal’s work on probability and decision-making on Scam Victims by analyzing the gambler’s behavior through Pascal’s Wager

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Blaise Pascal’s analysis of the gambler provides valuable insights into the psychology of scam victims.

Pascal observed that gamblers are driven by the hope of winning, even when logic dictates the risks outweigh the potential reward. Scam victims mirror this behavior, focusing on the promised benefits of a scam and ignoring warning signs.

Cognitive biases such as optimism bias, the sunk cost fallacy, and confirmation bias reinforce this behavior. Both gamblers and scam victims rely on emotional impulses over rational thought, making it difficult to break free from destructive cycles of hope and risk.

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Why Do Scam Victims So Often Allow Themselves To Accept Failure? – 2024

Why do Scam Victims so often Allow Themselves to Accept Failure?

The Challenge is to Understand Why This is So!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The human tendency to allow failure, particularly among scam victims, is influenced by both psychological and philosophical factors. Psychologically, fear of success, imposter syndrome, and self-sabotage cause victims to subconsciously undermine their recovery.

Philosophical perspectives, such as existentialism and stoicism, view failure as an inherent part of life that exposes vulnerabilities, encourages personal growth, and helps individuals confront their limitations.

Scam victims may crave failure as it provides comfort, control, or a familiar sense of inadequacy, allowing them to avoid responsibility, accountability, or emotional growth.

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Emotional Support Animals (ESA) and Scam Victims – 2024

Emotional Support Animals (ESA) and Scam Victims

Helping Scam Victims to Understand the Benefits of Emotional Support Animals and the Process to Obtain Certification.

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Emotional support animals (ESAs) offer therapeutic companionship to individuals facing emotional or mental health challenges, including scam victims recovering from trauma. To qualify for an ESA, individuals need an ESA certification letter from a licensed mental health professional, detailing how the animal helps with their condition.

ESAs have legal protections in housing under the Fair Housing Act, allowing them to live with their owners in no-pet properties. ESAs help scam victims by providing emotional stability, reducing anxiety, and fostering a sense of security and companionship during recovery.

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The Anniversary Effect and Scam Victims – 2024

The Anniversary Effect and Scam Victims

Helping Scam Victims Understand and Be Prepared for a Major Trigger!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The anniversary effect refers to the resurfacing of painful emotions around the anniversary of a traumatic event, which can be especially difficult for scam victims. Dates tied to the start or end of the scam, or the realization of being deceived, can trigger overwhelming feelings of fear, guilt, shame, or anger.

These emotions may catch victims off guard, making them feel like they are back at square one in their recovery. Scam victims may experience increased anxiety, stress, flashbacks, or even withdraw from others. However, there are ways to cope with the anniversary effect, including preparing in advance, practicing grounding techniques, seeking support, engaging in self-care, and even transforming the day into a healing ritual.

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Awakening a Fearless Heart in Scam Victims – 2024

Awakening a Fearless Heart in Scam Victims

Helping Scam Victims to Let Go of Worry and Awaken their Fearless Heart!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Scam victims often endure deep emotional trauma, including betrayal, guilt, shame, and self-blame. Healing from these wounds requires focusing on three key areas: awakening the fearless heart, releasing worry, and cultivating resilience.

Awakening a fearless heart starts with self-compassion, accepting vulnerability, and forgiving oneself for falling victim to a scam. Releasing worry involves acknowledging specific fears, challenging negative thoughts, and staying grounded in the present.

Once victims begin this process, they can cultivate a fearless heart by embracing self-empowerment, reframing the scam as a learning experience, and building a strong support system.

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The Four Basic Regrets and How They Apply to Scam Victims – 2024

The Four Basic Regrets and How They Apply to Scam Victims

Understanding the Basic Human Regrets that are Common to all Scam Victims

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
• Based on the work of Daniel H. Pink, is the author of several provocative, bestselling books about business, work, creativity and behavior.

About This Article

Regret is a natural human emotion, and understanding its four basic types—foundation, boldness, moral, and connection—can offer scam victims valuable insights for recovery.

Foundation regrets focus on failing to establish stability, such as not saving enough money or taking preventive steps to avoid scams.

Boldness regrets involve missed opportunities, like not asking questions or seeking help during the scam or recovery process.

Moral regrets stem from ethical missteps, such as not warning others or unintentionally enabling a scam.

Connection regrets arise when victims fail to reach out to loved ones for support or advice.

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Psychological Resistance to Recovery in Scam Victims – 2024

Psychological Resistance to Recovery in Scam Victims

Helping Scam Victims to Understand the Price They Pay for Trying to Over Control Their Recovery

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The psychological resistance to recovery is often the greatest danger scam victims face, as it keeps them trapped in pain and prevents them from fully moving forward.

Resistance feels safe because it offers a sense of control over familiar emotions like guilt and shame, rather than risking the uncertainty of healing. Victims often cling to self-blame as a way of maintaining the illusion that they could have prevented the scam, which prevents them from accepting that they were not at fault. The fear of the unknown, particularly the unpredictable nature of recovery, can make victims hesitant to embrace the healing process.

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Pets as Therapy for Scam Victims – 2024

Pets as Therapy for Scam Victims

Having Support Animals is Very Important for Scam Victims During Their Recovery

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Pets provide a unique form of therapy for scam victims by offering emotional and physical support during their recovery process. Scam victims often experience feelings of isolation, shame, and helplessness, but caring for a pet can help shift their focus away from their emotional distress and onto the needs of another living being.

The routine of feeding, walking, and nurturing a pet gives victims a sense of purpose and responsibility, while the act of petting a dog or cat releases stress-reducing hormones like oxytocin and lowers cortisol levels, helping alleviate anxiety and depression. Pets offer unconditional love and companionship, which helps rebuild trust and provide comfort without the fear of judgment.

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Dark Forest Theory – Scams and Scam Victims – 2024

Dark Forest Theory – Scams and Scam Victims

Understanding a Sociological Avoidance Behavior in Scam Victims and Their Desire to Avoid Notice

Primary Category: Sociology of Scam Victimization

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The Dark Forest Theory, viewed through a sociological and anthropological lens, suggests that in environments of uncertainty or competition, entities—whether civilizations or individuals—remain hidden to avoid exposing vulnerabilities and risking exploitation or harm.

This concept is rooted in survival strategies where distrust and fear of unknown others drive defensive, secretive behavior. When applied to human interactions, particularly in the realm of scams, the theory explains why victims, after being deceived, might isolate themselves to avoid further manipulation.

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Scam Victim Identity Crisis – Very Common in Victims Several Months After the Scam Ends – 2024

Scam Victim Identity Crisis – Very Common in Victims Several Months After the Scam Ends

Helping Scam Victims Understand How to Navigate through Their Second Crisis During Recovery

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Scam victims often experience multiple crises after the scam ends, but the identity crisis that occurs between six months to a year can be particularly devastating.

During the initial phase, victims focus on the immediate impact, like financial loss and cutting ties with the scammer. However, as time passes and they begin to reflect, they are hit by a deep psychological crisis where they question their identity, self-worth, and ability to trust themselves and others.

This delayed crisis is marked by feelings of continuing shame, residual guilt, and emotional disconnection, as victims struggle to reconcile their previous self-image with their perceived gullibility.

The social stigma surrounding scams further fuels this internal conflict, leading to isolation, hypervigilance, and even depression.

Without proper support, this identity crisis can severely hinder their recovery, and in some cases, lead to suicidal ideation due to overwhelming emotions and a loss of self-trust.

Scam Victims Experience Several Crises After the Scam Ends but the Identity Crisis at About 6 Months to 1-Year Can be the Very Devastating

The Scam Victim Identity Crisis

An identity crisis from a scam victim’s perspective typically emerges several months after the scam ends, with many victims reporting these crises around the six-month to 1-year mark.

This delayed response is based on insights gathered from over 10,000 victims, showing that this period is when deeper psychological issues often surface.

Initially, victims are focused on immediate damage control, such as financial recovery or cutting off communication with the scammer, and stabilizing themselves. As time passes and the shock begins to wear off, the emotional and psychological repercussions or consequences set in more intensely.

At around the six-month to 1-year point, victims have had time to recover somewhat and reflect on their experience, and this is when this crisis tends to emerge. They may start questioning who they are, their judgment, and their ability to trust themselves and others. This delayed onset might be because, in the immediate aftermath, they are preoccupied with the immediate trauma and practical aspects of recovery. Once those tasks have been addressed, the emotional weight of the betrayal, manipulation, and loss of self-trust begins to sink in.

Crisis Impact

During this time, victims may feel disconnected from their previous sense of self. They often find it hard to reconcile the person they believed they were with the reality of having been deceived. The self-image of being careful, responsible, or intelligent is now in conflict with the feelings of having been naive or gullible. This internal conflict Read More …