Witnessing-related trauma — Witnessing-related trauma refers to psychological trauma associated with observing a threatening or horrific event. Witnessing serious violence or threatened death is a central example. A witness does not need to be the direct target to experience lasting psychological consequences. — Exposure context.
Added October 5, 2026
SCARS Institute™ ScamsNOW Magazine
Is a publication of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. [dba SCARS & SCARS Institute]
To use this website, You Must Read and Agree to the SCARS Legal Policies and Terms and Conditions
Find SCARS™ All Across The Web & Social Media
Copyright © 2015-2026 Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
LEGAL STATEMENT
The unauthorized reproduction or distribution of this copyrighted work is illegal. Criminal copyright infringement, including infringement without monetary gain, is investigated by the FBI and is punishable by up to five years in federal prison and a fine of $250,000. Website and All Original Content, Concepts, and Intellectual Property Copyright © 1995 – 2026 | All Rights Reserved | Third-party Copyrights Acknowledged | Some Images Reproduced As Legal Record Of Criminal Use By Third-parties | Evidence Photos Used To Report Their Use In Criminal Fraud
