Scam Victim Recovery Insights
From the SCARS Institute
Boundaries, Standards, Expectations, and Rules
These can be especially confusing to scam victims attempting to recover.
Scam victims are especially likely to feel confused about boundaries, standards, expectations, and rules because manipulation deliberately blurs all four. During a scam, boundaries are overridden, standards are gradually lowered, expectations are weaponized, and rules are imposed through fear, urgency, or false obligation. After the scam ends, many survivors carry that confusion forward, unsure why relationships feel unsafe, disappointing, or exhausting even when they are trying to “do everything right.” Clarifying the differences between these concepts is not just an intellectual exercise. It is a practical recovery skill. When scam victims learn how boundaries protect rather than control, how standards prevent harm before it starts, how expectations create vulnerability when left unmanaged, and how rules differ from self-directed limits, they regain agency. This clarity supports emotional stabilization, reduces re-victimization risk, and lays the foundation for healthier future relationships built on choice rather than fear or hope alone.
These four concepts are often used interchangeably, but psychologically they serve very different functions. Confusing them is one reason people feel disappointed, resentful, or unsafe in relationships. Understanding the differences helps restore agency and emotional clarity.
Boundaries
Boundaries define what a person will and will not accept, tolerate, or participate in. They are internal decisions about self-protection and self-respect, not attempts to control others. A boundary answers the question, “What will I do if this continues?”
Boundaries are enforced through action, not persuasion. For example, “If someone speaks to me with contempt, I will end the conversation,” or “I do not share personal information with people I do not trust.” Boundaries exist regardless of whether others agree with them. They are about regulating access to the self.
Psychologically, boundaries protect the nervous system. They reduce overwhelm, prevent exploitation, and preserve emotional safety.
Standards
Standards describe the level of behavior, values, or character a person chooses to allow into their life. They answer the question, “What quality of people, relationships, or environments do I choose?”
Standards are aspirational but practical. For example, “I choose relationships where honesty is consistent,” or “I maintain friendships that respect my time and limits.” Unlike boundaries, standards are often applied proactively rather than reactively.
Standards help filter decisions before harm occurs. They reduce the need for constant boundary enforcement by preventing unsuitable situations from entering one’s life in the first place.
Expectations
Expectations are beliefs or assumptions about how others will behave. They answer the question, “What do I think should happen?”
Expectations are not protective unless paired with boundaries or standards. When expectations are unspoken or unrealistic, they often lead to disappointment, resentment, or self-blame. For example, “They should know how much this hurts,” or “If they cared, they would change.”
Psychologically, expectations create vulnerability when they replace direct communication or boundary-setting. They rely on hope rather than agency.
Rules
Rules are externalized controls placed on behavior, either by oneself or others. They answer the question, “What must or must not be done?”
Rules can be healthy in structured environments, such as workplaces, families, or recovery programs, but they become problematic in personal relationships when used to control rather than protect. For example, “You are not allowed to talk to certain people,” or “You must behave this way to be accepted.”
Rules depend on compliance. Boundaries do not. If rules are repeatedly needed to feel safe, it often signals weak boundaries or unmet emotional needs.
Key Differences at a Glance
- Boundaries regulate your behavior.
- Standards guide your choices.
- Expectations shape your assumptions.
- Rules attempt to control outcomes or people.
Why This Matters
Many people feel hurt because they rely on expectations instead of boundaries, or rules instead of standards. Healing and healthy relationships require shifting from hoping others will behave differently to deciding how you will protect yourself, what you will allow, and what you will choose.
When boundaries are clear, standards are aligned, expectations are realistic, and rules are used sparingly and appropriately, life becomes calmer, safer, and more self-directed.
Prof. Tim McGuinness, Ph.D.
January 2026
This is but one component, one piece of the puzzle …
Understanding how the human mind is manipulated and controlled involves recognizing that the tactics employed by deceivers are multifaceted and complex. This information is just one aspect of a broader spectrum of vulnerabilities, tendencies, and techniques that permit us to be influenced and deceived. To grasp the full extent of how our minds can be influenced, it is essential to examine all the various processes and functions of our brains and minds, methods and strategies used the criminals, and our psychological tendencies (such as cognitive biases) that enable deception. Each part contributes to a larger puzzle, revealing how our perceptions and decisions can be subtly swayed. By appreciating the diverse ways in which manipulation occurs, we gain a more comprehensive understanding of the challenges we face in avoiding deception in its many forms.
“Thufir Hawat: Now, remember, the first step in avoiding a *trap* – is knowing of its existence.” — DUNE
“If you can fully understand your own mind, you can avoid any deception!” — Tim McGuinness, Ph.D.
“The essence of bravery is being without self-deception.” — Pema Chödrön
