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The Philosophy of Scam Victim Recovery: Understanding Why Recovery is Important – An Essay – 2024

The Philosophy of Scam Victim Recovery: Understanding Why Recovery is Important

An Essay about the Deeper Meaning of Scam Victim Recovery

Primary Category: Philosophy of Scam Victim Recovery

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The Philosophy of Scam Victim Recovery, as explored by the SCARS Institute, emphasizes that recovery is not just about fixing the financial or emotional damage caused by a scam, but about a deeper journey of reflection, healing, and personal growth. Scam victims experience profound betrayal that shakes their confidence and trust in themselves and others. Through a philosophical lens, recovery involves understanding vulnerability, finding meaning in adversity, and learning self-compassion.

Drawing from ideas like Thomas Nagel’s “Moral Luck,” it becomes clear that many factors contributing to the scam were beyond the victim’s control, helping them release feelings of guilt and self-blame. The process of recovery is about taking responsibility for one’s healing, reflecting on the experience, and rebuilding trust in a more balanced way.

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2024-09-07T13:40:50-04:00• PHILOSOPHY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, • PSYCHOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Faith And Why It Matters In Scam Victim Recovery – 2024

What Is Faith And Why It Matters In Scam Victim Recovery

Helping Scam Victims to Find the Path To Recovery

Scam Victim Recovery

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

This explores the role of faith in the recovery of scam victims, distinguishing between faith in oneself and religious faith. It discusses the profound impact of relationship scams on victims’ trust and self-worth, leading to feelings of betrayal and despair.

It highlights faith as a powerful antidote to this despair, emphasizing resilience and belief in positive outcomes. Faith in oneself reaffirms victims’ agency and empowers them to navigate the journey of recovery with determination. Ultimately, the article underscores the transformative potential of faith in guiding victims toward healing and renewal amidst the challenges of scam recovery.

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2024-03-01T21:35:41-05:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Secrets Can Be Deadly For Scam Victims – Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Secrets Can Be Deadly For Scam Victims – Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
• Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
• Vianey Gonzalez – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

Unmasking the Burden of Secrecy: How Keeping Secrets Deepens the Trauma for Scam Victims

The experience of falling victim to a scam can be profoundly traumatic. Scam victims often grapple with a wide range of emotions, from anger and humiliation to betrayal and loss. Amidst this turmoil, many victims also carry an additional, heavy burden—the burden of keeping their victimhood a secret. This article explores the damaging impact that keeping secrets can have on people, especially those struggling to recover from the trauma of a scam.

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2023-10-16T19:48:39-04:00Uncategorized|
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Helping Scam Victims Get Unstuck: Small Steps to Start Recovery and Move Forward – 2024

Helping Scam Victims Get Unstuck: Small Steps to Start Recovery and Move Forward

For those Scam Victims Who Are Just Beginning Their Recovery Journey and those Who Get Stuck Down the Road

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Scam victims often find it extremely difficult to start recovering from their trauma due to feelings of helplessness, betrayal, and emotional paralysis. The trauma impacts brain function, with fear and emotional distress overriding logical thinking.

The SCARS Institute addresses these challenges by using education as a tool for recovery, offering victims small, manageable steps through their Survivor’s School (www.SCARSeducation.org.) By engaging with daily educational materials, victims can gradually calm their minds, regain cognitive control, and start rebuilding their lives. This approach helps victims move forward at their own pace, fostering both emotional healing and self-compassion.

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2024-09-28T02:32:01-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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Trauma Responses or Just Personality Traits in Scam Victims? – 2024

Trauma Responses or Just Personality Traits in Scam Victims?

Many of the So-Called Personality Traits that Can Become Vulnerabilities in a Scam are Not Personality Traits, they are the Remnants of Past Traumas

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Many people unknowingly mistake trauma responses for aspects of their personality, not realizing that behaviors like chronic over-apologizing, people-pleasing, or inability to accept compliments are coping mechanisms rooted in past emotional pain. These responses often develop in reaction to trauma, where the brain adapts to perceived danger or emotional harm.

For scam victims, recognizing these behaviors as trauma responses rather than personality traits is crucial for recovery. It allows them to confront core issues such as mistrust or a need for validation, empowering them to rebuild boundaries and self-confidence.

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2024-09-24T14:57:31-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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Understanding Boundaries & Accountability to Improve Scam Victims’ Recovery When They Communicate – 2024

Understanding Boundaries & Accountability to Improve Scam Victims’ Recovery When They Communicate

Communication is the Core of Recovery, but Communication Can Be Challenging for Scam Victims – This will Help Explain

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Triggers are especially challenging for scam victims because they often evoke intense emotional responses tied to their trauma. These triggers can be anything—words, situations, or even gestures—that remind victims of the scam or the betrayal they experienced. The brain’s trauma response system, particularly the amygdala, becomes activated when these triggers are encountered, which can overwhelm logical thinking and send victims into a state of emotional distress. This reaction happens because trauma alters how the brain processes stimuli, making victims hyper-sensitive to anything that resembles their painful experience. As a result, even benign situations can provoke fear, anxiety, or defensiveness, making it difficult for victims to engage in productive conversations or seek help effectively. Recognizing and learning to manage these triggers is essential for their emotional recovery and ability to move forward.

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2024-09-24T11:12:40-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Coherence and its Effects on Scam Victims – 2024

Coherence and its Effects on Scam Victims

Coherence is a Necessary Component in a Healthy Life and Mind – for Scam Victims it is Ripped Away but it Can Be Recovered!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Coherence is a key element in a healthy, balanced life, but for scam victims, it is often shattered by the betrayal and deception they experience. Psychological coherence refers to the alignment of one’s thoughts, emotions, and life experiences, creating a unified sense of self and understanding of the world.

When scam victims lose coherence, they may feel emotionally fragmented, confused, and overwhelmed. This disconnection can impact their recovery, leaving them struggling to make sense of what happened. However, through recovery efforts such as therapy, emotional processing, and rebuilding trust, scam victims can gradually restore coherence.

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2024-09-17T02:02:05-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, • PHILOSOPHY, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Motivated Reasoning – A Cognitive Bias That Deeply Affects Scam Victims Especially During Recovery – 2024

Motivated Reasoning – A Cognitive Bias

A Cognitive Bias That Deeply Affects Scam Victims Especially During Recovery

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Motivated reasoning is a cognitive bias where individuals interpret information to align with their desires or beliefs, often at the expense of objectivity.

Scam victims may rely on this bias to ignore red flags during the scam or rationalize decisions that go against their best interests. Even during recovery, motivated reasoning can lead them to overestimate their progress by focusing on minor successes and avoiding deeper emotional work.

Recognizing and addressing this bias is key to making informed decisions and achieving genuine recovery.
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2024-09-14T12:51:26-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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A Philosophical Comparison Between Gambling and Scam Victims – 2024

A Philosophical Comparison Between Gambling and Scam Victims

Understanding Blaise Pascal’s work on probability and decision-making on Scam Victims by analyzing the gambler’s behavior through Pascal’s Wager

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Blaise Pascal’s analysis of the gambler provides valuable insights into the psychology of scam victims.

Pascal observed that gamblers are driven by the hope of winning, even when logic dictates the risks outweigh the potential reward. Scam victims mirror this behavior, focusing on the promised benefits of a scam and ignoring warning signs.

Cognitive biases such as optimism bias, the sunk cost fallacy, and confirmation bias reinforce this behavior. Both gamblers and scam victims rely on emotional impulses over rational thought, making it difficult to break free from destructive cycles of hope and risk.

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2024-09-12T12:56:13-04:00• PHILOSOPHY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, • PSYCHOLOGY, • VICTIMOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Why Do Scam Victims So Often Allow Themselves To Accept Failure? – 2024

Why do Scam Victims so often Allow Themselves to Accept Failure?

The Challenge is to Understand Why This is So!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The human tendency to allow failure, particularly among scam victims, is influenced by both psychological and philosophical factors. Psychologically, fear of success, imposter syndrome, and self-sabotage cause victims to subconsciously undermine their recovery.

Philosophical perspectives, such as existentialism and stoicism, view failure as an inherent part of life that exposes vulnerabilities, encourages personal growth, and helps individuals confront their limitations.

Scam victims may crave failure as it provides comfort, control, or a familiar sense of inadequacy, allowing them to avoid responsibility, accountability, or emotional growth.

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2024-09-11T17:04:40-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • PHILOSOPHY, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Emotional Support Animals (ESA) and Scam Victims – 2024

Emotional Support Animals (ESA) and Scam Victims

Helping Scam Victims to Understand the Benefits of Emotional Support Animals and the Process to Obtain Certification.

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Emotional support animals (ESAs) offer therapeutic companionship to individuals facing emotional or mental health challenges, including scam victims recovering from trauma. To qualify for an ESA, individuals need an ESA certification letter from a licensed mental health professional, detailing how the animal helps with their condition.

ESAs have legal protections in housing under the Fair Housing Act, allowing them to live with their owners in no-pet properties. ESAs help scam victims by providing emotional stability, reducing anxiety, and fostering a sense of security and companionship during recovery.

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2024-09-10T21:27:54-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, USA|
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The Anniversary Effect and Scam Victims – 2024

The Anniversary Effect and Scam Victims

Helping Scam Victims Understand and Be Prepared for a Major Trigger!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The anniversary effect refers to the resurfacing of painful emotions around the anniversary of a traumatic event, which can be especially difficult for scam victims. Dates tied to the start or end of the scam, or the realization of being deceived, can trigger overwhelming feelings of fear, guilt, shame, or anger.

These emotions may catch victims off guard, making them feel like they are back at square one in their recovery. Scam victims may experience increased anxiety, stress, flashbacks, or even withdraw from others. However, there are ways to cope with the anniversary effect, including preparing in advance, practicing grounding techniques, seeking support, engaging in self-care, and even transforming the day into a healing ritual.

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2024-09-10T18:23:07-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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Constant Complaining in Scam Victims Stops Recovery and Distorts Their Real Thinking – 2024

Constant Complaining in Scam Victims Stops Recovery and Distorts Their Real Thinking

Resentment, Passive-Aggressive Behavior, Self-Pity, and Entitlement Mentality can substantially limit Recovery

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Constant complaining, while a natural response for scam victims coping with trauma, can significantly hinder their recovery by reinforcing a victim mentality, blocking emotional healing, and straining relationships. It prevents victims from seeing solutions and fosters feelings of resentment when they perceive the help they receive as inadequate.

Listening to others’ feedback, even when critical, is essential for growth and recovery, as it can provide valuable insights into self-sabotaging behaviors and open the door to emotional healing. Rejecting support or being dismissive of advice from loved ones and professionals can further isolate victims, delaying their recovery.

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2024-09-09T11:32:58-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Awakening a Fearless Heart in Scam Victims – 2024

Awakening a Fearless Heart in Scam Victims

Helping Scam Victims to Let Go of Worry and Awaken their Fearless Heart!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Scam victims often endure deep emotional trauma, including betrayal, guilt, shame, and self-blame. Healing from these wounds requires focusing on three key areas: awakening the fearless heart, releasing worry, and cultivating resilience.

Awakening a fearless heart starts with self-compassion, accepting vulnerability, and forgiving oneself for falling victim to a scam. Releasing worry involves acknowledging specific fears, challenging negative thoughts, and staying grounded in the present.

Once victims begin this process, they can cultivate a fearless heart by embracing self-empowerment, reframing the scam as a learning experience, and building a strong support system.

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2024-09-09T10:52:50-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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The Four Basic Regrets and How They Apply to Scam Victims – 2024

The Four Basic Regrets and How They Apply to Scam Victims

Understanding the Basic Human Regrets that are Common to all Scam Victims

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
• Based on the work of Daniel H. Pink, is the author of several provocative, bestselling books about business, work, creativity and behavior.

About This Article

Regret is a natural human emotion, and understanding its four basic types—foundation, boldness, moral, and connection—can offer scam victims valuable insights for recovery.

Foundation regrets focus on failing to establish stability, such as not saving enough money or taking preventive steps to avoid scams.

Boldness regrets involve missed opportunities, like not asking questions or seeking help during the scam or recovery process.

Moral regrets stem from ethical missteps, such as not warning others or unintentionally enabling a scam.

Connection regrets arise when victims fail to reach out to loved ones for support or advice.

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2024-09-09T06:45:40-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, • PHILOSOPHY, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, VIDEO / AUDIO|
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Psychological Resistance to Recovery in Scam Victims – 2024

Psychological Resistance to Recovery in Scam Victims

Helping Scam Victims to Understand the Price They Pay for Trying to Over Control Their Recovery

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The psychological resistance to recovery is often the greatest danger scam victims face, as it keeps them trapped in pain and prevents them from fully moving forward.

Resistance feels safe because it offers a sense of control over familiar emotions like guilt and shame, rather than risking the uncertainty of healing. Victims often cling to self-blame as a way of maintaining the illusion that they could have prevented the scam, which prevents them from accepting that they were not at fault. The fear of the unknown, particularly the unpredictable nature of recovery, can make victims hesitant to embrace the healing process.

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2024-09-08T04:06:37-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Understanding the Right Priorities – Another View of New Scam Victims’ Challenges – 2024

Understanding the Right Priorities – Another View of New Scam Victims’ Challenges

Many New/Recent Scam Victims do not yet Understand What Their Priorities should be After the End of Their Scam

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

New scam victims often struggle to prioritize the right steps for recovery, focusing on immediate financial fixes or managing surface emotions like anger or self-blame. However, this approach can overlook the deeper issue—profound trauma and cognitive impairment caused by the scam.

Emotional and psychological recovery should come first, as trauma affects the brain’s ability to think clearly, make decisions, and process information. Denial, resistance, and cognitive dissonance often prevent victims from acknowledging the full emotional impact of the scam.

Victims need to understand that recovery requires specialized help, such as support from counselors or trauma professionals, and that quick fixes won’t resolve the underlying issues.

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2024-09-07T12:11:58-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Pets as Therapy for Scam Victims – 2024

Pets as Therapy for Scam Victims

Having Support Animals is Very Important for Scam Victims During Their Recovery

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Pets provide a unique form of therapy for scam victims by offering emotional and physical support during their recovery process. Scam victims often experience feelings of isolation, shame, and helplessness, but caring for a pet can help shift their focus away from their emotional distress and onto the needs of another living being.

The routine of feeding, walking, and nurturing a pet gives victims a sense of purpose and responsibility, while the act of petting a dog or cat releases stress-reducing hormones like oxytocin and lowers cortisol levels, helping alleviate anxiety and depression. Pets offer unconditional love and companionship, which helps rebuild trust and provide comfort without the fear of judgment.

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2024-09-06T02:06:15-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • SCAM VICTIM HEALTH, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Scam Victim Identity Crisis – Very Common in Victims Several Months After the Scam Ends – 2024

Scam Victim Identity Crisis – Very Common in Victims Several Months After the Scam Ends

Helping Scam Victims Understand How to Navigate through Their Second Crisis During Recovery

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Scam victims often experience multiple crises after the scam ends, but the identity crisis that occurs between six months to a year can be particularly devastating.

During the initial phase, victims focus on the immediate impact, like financial loss and cutting ties with the scammer. However, as time passes and they begin to reflect, they are hit by a deep psychological crisis where they question their identity, self-worth, and ability to trust themselves and others.

This delayed crisis is marked by feelings of continuing shame, residual guilt, and emotional disconnection, as victims struggle to reconcile their previous self-image with their perceived gullibility.

The social stigma surrounding scams further fuels this internal conflict, leading to isolation, hypervigilance, and even depression.

Without proper support, this identity crisis can severely hinder their recovery, and in some cases, lead to suicidal ideation due to overwhelming emotions and a loss of self-trust.

Scam Victims Experience Several Crises After the Scam Ends but the Identity Crisis at About 6 Months to 1-Year Can be Read More …

2024-09-04T04:04:54-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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Emotional Numbness and Scam Victims – Coping After the Scam – 2024

Emotional Numbness and Scam Victims – Coping After the Scam

Helping Scam Victims Understand the Dual-Nature of Numbness as Both a Psychological Coping Mechanism and a Defense Mechanism

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Psychological or emotional numbness is a state where individuals become detached from their emotions as a response to overwhelming trauma, serving as both a defense and coping mechanism.

For scam victims, this numbness can provide immediate relief by shielding them from the intense emotional pain and distress associated with the betrayal and manipulation they’ve experienced. However, while numbness can help victims manage their immediate emotions, it can also hinder long-term recovery by preventing them from processing their trauma fully.

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2024-09-02T07:37:10-04:00Tim McGuinness PhD, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • PSYCHOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE|
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Solitude vs. Isolation in Scam Victims – 2024

Solitude vs. Isolation in Scam Victims

Understanding the Benefits of Solitude for Recovering Scam Victims While Avoiding Isolation

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Spending time alone after a relationship scam can be beneficial for emotional healing and personal growth, allowing victims to process their trauma and regain a sense of self. However, it’s crucial for scam victims to be aware of the fine line between healthy solitude and harmful isolation.

Solitude provides the space needed for reflection and recovery, helping individuals to work through their emotions and begin rebuilding their lives. But when solitude turns into prolonged isolation, it can lead to deeper emotional and psychological issues, such as depression, increased anxiety, and social withdrawal.

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2024-09-01T05:59:18-04:00Tim McGuinness PhD, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, • PSYCHOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE|
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Hopelessness and Scam Victims – 2024

Hopelessness and Scam Victims

Helping Scam Victims Understand the Depth of Helplessness and How To Break Free of It!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Hopelessness is a profound and often debilitating emotion that can affect scam victims after the scam ends. It manifests as a sense of despair, where the victim feels that nothing will ever improve, leading to a state of emotional paralysis. This feeling can significantly impact mental and emotional health, resulting in symptoms like persistent sadness, withdrawal from social interactions, and a lack of motivation.

On a neurological level, hopelessness involves increased activity in the amygdala, the brain’s fear center, and decreased functioning in the prefrontal cortex, which impairs rational thinking and decision-making. If left unaddressed, hopelessness can lead to more severe mental health issues, including depression and suicidal thoughts. However, by recognizing the signs and taking proactive steps such as practicing mindfulness, seeking therapy, reconnecting with social support, and setting small goals, victims can gradually rebuild their lives and move towards recovery.

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2024-08-30T22:21:14-04:00Tim McGuinness PhD, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, • PSYCHOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE|
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Logical Fallacies – What They Are and How They Affect Scam Victims – 2024

Logical Fallacies – What They Are and How They Affect Scam Victims

Understanding How Decision-Making is Influenced by Logical Fallacies in Scam Victims Before, During, and After the Scam

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Logical fallacies play a significant role in the cognitive and emotional challenges that scam victims face, both during and after being scammed. These errors in reasoning can make victims more susceptible to manipulation by scammers, causing them to ignore warning signs or justify the scammer’s behavior.

Even after recognizing they have been scammed, these fallacies can inhibit their recovery, leading to prolonged emotional distress and difficulty in moving forward. By understanding and identifying these logical fallacies, victims can better protect themselves from future scams and aid their psychological and emotional recovery. Recognizing these flawed thinking patterns is crucial for overcoming the negative impacts of being scammed and regaining a sense of control and well-being.

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2024-08-26T23:59:25-04:00Tim McGuinness PhD, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, • PSYCHOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE|
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10 False Assumptions of Traumatized Scam Victims – 2024

10 False Assumptions of Traumatized Scam Victims – 2024

Helping Scam Victims to Understand that Healing is a Journey. It Requires Patience, Self-Compassion, and Support. By Letting go of these Limiting Beliefs, you can Reclaim Your Power, Rebuild Your Life, and Thrive in the Aftermath of Trauma

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Scam victims often struggle with false assumptions that can hinder their recovery and growth. These assumptions, such as believing they are “not good enough” or “permanently damaged,” can erode self-confidence and prevent healing.

It’s essential to recognize that these beliefs are based on misconceptions rather than reality. By challenging these assumptions and seeking support, scam victims can begin to rebuild their confidence and move forward. Recovery is a journey that requires patience, self-compassion, and the willingness to let go of limiting beliefs. You are not defined by what happened to you, but by how you choose to move forward.

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2024-08-24T23:21:58-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Empathy Impairment That Affects Scam Victim’s Relationships – 2024

Empathy Impairment That Affects Scam Victim’s Relationships

Helping Scam Victims to Understand Another Way that Psychological Trauma Affects Them

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Empathic impairment in scam victims often results from the emotional and psychological trauma they endure. This trauma can profoundly affect their judgment and interpersonal relationships, leading them to judge others’ suffering more harshly and minimize the needs of those around them.

While scam victims often crave understanding and empathy for their own experiences, their trauma can narrow their emotional focus, making it difficult to extend the same compassion to others. This empathic impairment can manifest as increased judgment, diminished emotional response, and a heightened focus on their own pain, which can strain relationships with family and friends.

Recognizing these signs of empathic impairment is essential for victims to complete the process of healing, which often involves therapy, self-reflection, and actively working to rebuild their capacity for empathy.

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2024-08-22T03:00:20-04:00Tim McGuinness PhD, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, • PSYCHOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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Cooking As Therapy For Scam Victims – 2024

Cooking As Therapy For Scam Victims

Let Cooking Be a Pathway to Calmness and Control in Your Life!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc. and sometimes Wizard in the Kitchen!

About This Article

Cooking your own meals after experiencing a relationship scam can be a powerful therapeutic tool. It provides a sense of control, mindfulness, and focus that is essential for emotional healing.

The act of preparing and cooking your meals encourages you to be present in the moment, reducing stress and anxiety by engaging your senses and calming your mind. By choosing your own ingredients, you can opt for foods that promote mental well-being, such as whole grains, fatty fish, and leafy greens, while avoiding processed foods and those high in sugar, trans fats, and sodium, which can negatively impact mood and emotional regulation.

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2024-08-20T15:51:49-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Scam Victim Resentment Towards Money Mules – Letting It Go! – 2024

Scam Victim Resentment Towards Money Mules – Letting It Go!

Helping Scam Victims to Understand Their Resentment towards Money Mules

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

When scam victims discover that their money was transferred through a “money mule”—a person who unknowingly or knowingly facilitated the scam—the resulting feelings of betrayal and resentment can be overwhelming. This resentment is natural, as it stems from the deep emotional and financial toll of the scam.

However, it’s important to understand that money mules can either be willing participants or unwitting victims themselves, manipulated by the same criminals. The uncertainty of not knowing the mule’s true involvement can fuel ongoing anger, which, if fed, will grow and persist, preventing emotional recovery. Holding onto resentment not only exacerbates the trauma but also impacts mental and physical health, leading to chronic stress, anxiety, and difficulty in forming healthy relationships.

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2024-08-12T11:14:08-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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How Avoidance of Consequences Deepens Anxiety for Scam Victims – 2024

How Avoidance of Consequences Deepens Anxiety for Scam Victims

Understanding How Impactful Avoidance is on the Psychology of Scam Victims in Promoting Anxiety

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Scam victims often use avoidance to cope with the emotional and psychological aftermath of their experience, leading to increased anxiety and hindering recovery.

Avoidance behaviors can include steering clear of financial and legal responsibilities, withdrawing from social interactions, and neglecting emotional healing. Victims may also avoid educating themselves about scams and their psychological impacts, which prevents them from understanding their trauma and protecting themselves in the future.

This avoidance reinforces anxiety by increasing rumination, prolonging stress, and creating a cycle of avoidance reinforcement. Exposure therapy, gradual confrontation of fears, professional help, and support groups are essential for breaking this cycle and promoting recovery.

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2024-08-05T07:37:27-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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Scam Victim Scammer Obsession – Part 4 – 2024

Scam Victim Scammer Obsession – Part 4

Helping Scam Victims to Let Go of their Obsession on Exposing Scammers!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Victims of relationship scams often experience intense emotions, including anger and a desire for justice, which can lead to an obsessive focus on exposing scammers and fake profiles. This behavior, while rooted in a need for validation and control, can hinder recovery and worsen trauma.

The pursuit of justice may overshadow other aspects of life, leading to burnout and increased emotional distress.

The neurological impact of this obsession can reinforce negative emotional loops, making it difficult for victims to move forward.

To recover, victims need to find a balance, prioritize self-care, and seek professional support to process their emotions and build resilience.

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2024-07-30T08:44:21-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Scam Victim Scammer Obsession – Part 3 – 2024

Scam Victim Scammer Obsession – Part 3

The Scam Victims’ Need For Control Drives Their Obsession on Exposing Scammers!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Victims of relationship scams often experience a deep sense of betrayal and helplessness, leading them to obsessively expose scammers in a desperate attempt to regain control over their lives. This behavior is driven by the illusion of control, providing a temporary sense of empowerment and relief.

However, the fixation on exposing scammers can hinder recovery, as it perpetuates feelings of anger and distress, and may interfere with personal and professional life. While seeking justice is natural, victims must prioritize their healing and well-being, balancing their desire for control with constructive actions that promote recovery and personal growth.

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2024-07-30T08:28:26-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Scam Victims And The Law Of Parsimony – 2024

Scam Victims And The Law Of Parsimony

Helping Scam Victims to Understand the Difference Between Real vs. Assumptions & Urban Legends!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The Law of Parsimony, also known as Occam’s Razor, suggests that the simplest explanation is usually the correct one. This principle can be particularly helpful for scam victims as they navigate their recovery, helping them stay grounded in reality.

Despite sounding harsh, the goal is to help victims understand their mistakes and misconceptions to properly recover. After a scam, victims often cling to fantasies and false beliefs, making them vulnerable to being rescammed and seeking fantastical answers to their problems. Common misbeliefs include the effectiveness of exposing scammers, scam baiting, not reporting to the police, and thinking they were hypnotized.

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2024-07-31T05:54:50-04:00Tim McGuinness PhD, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, • PSYCHOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE|
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Scam Victim Scammer Obsession – Part 2 – 2024

Scam Victim Scammer Obsession – Part 2

The Obsessive Focus on the Past Traps Scam Victims!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Scam victims often struggle to move forward in their recovery if they remain fixated on the scammers and the crime, a common yet harmful coping mechanism. This constant retrospection can trap them in a cycle of reliving the trauma, hindering their healing and reinforcing feelings of anger, shame, and guilt.

The psychological impact includes heightened anxiety, depression, and a sense of hopelessness, as victims may feel defined by the scam. Moving forward requires a shift in focus from the past to the present and future, seeking professional support, building a supportive network, and engaging in activities that promote well-being.

By releasing their grip on the past and prioritizing personal growth, victims can reclaim their lives and move beyond the identity of being a scam victim.

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2024-07-30T08:07:07-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Scam Victim Scammer Obsession – Part 1 – 2024

Scam Victim Scammer Obsession – Part 1

The Obsessive Focus of Scam Victims on Scammers is Unhealthy!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Nearly a quarter of scam victims develop an obsessive focus on scammers, fake profiles, and scam details as a negative coping mechanism to manage their trauma. This obsession provides a temporary sense of control and purpose, distracting from the emotional pain and feelings of betrayal.

The need to “do something,” often driven by a desire for justice or validation, can prevent victims from processing their emotions and moving forward in recovery. This fixation can lead to heightened stress, anxiety, and isolation, as victims become consumed with uncovering and exposing scammers.

To break this cycle, it’s crucial for victims to recognize this behavior as harmful and seek healthier ways to cope, such as professional counseling, structured support groups, and personal growth activities.

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2024-07-30T08:07:47-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Reenabling Scam Victim Curiosity After A Relationship Scam – 2024

Reenabling Scam Victim Curiosity After A Relationship Scam

Helping every Scam Victim to Rediscover their Curiosity and Start Learning Again!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Recovering curiosity after experiencing a relationship scam involves overcoming cognitive impairment and trauma. Scams can leave victims feeling betrayed and distrustful, stifling their curiosity.

Understanding the brain’s response to trauma, including the impact on the amygdala and hippocampus, helps explain the challenges in re-engaging with new experiences.

To rebuild curiosity, it’s crucial to address emotional and cognitive blocks through self-care, support networks, and gradual exposure to new activities.

Managing cognitive overload and using structured learning approaches can further assist in this recovery, fostering a renewed sense of wonder and exploration.

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2024-07-30T03:33:20-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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The Curious Case Of Artificial Blue Light And Its Effects On Scam Victims During The Scam And Afterward – 2024

The Curious Case Of Artificial Blue Light And Its Effects On Scam Victims During The Scam And Afterward

Artificial Blue Light from Screens is Known to Disrupt Sleep making Scam Victims Easier to Manipulate and Disrupting Recovery

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Artificial blue light from screens can significantly impact scam victims both during and after a scam. The exposure can disrupt sleep patterns by suppressing melatonin production, leading to poor sleep quality and heightened stress levels.

This can increse emotional distress and anxiety, impair decision-making, and reduce the ability to think critically, making victims more vulnerable to scammers.

Post-scam, continued exposure to blue light can prolong these effects, contributing to ongoing anxiety, depression, and difficulty in recovering from the emotional and cognitive impacts of the scam. Managing screen time and ensuring proper sleep hygiene can be crucial for scam victims’ mental health and recovery.

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2024-07-30T02:56:35-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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High Justice Sensitivity And Scam Victims – 2024

High Justice Sensitivity And Scam Victims

Understanding What Can Easily Become an Obsessive Behavior or Mentality in Scam Victims

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

High justice sensitivity refers to an individual’s heightened awareness and strong emotional reactions to perceived injustices, whether they occur personally or to others. This trait is characterized by an intense focus on fairness, a deep sense of empathy for victims, and a persistent desire to address wrongs.

People with high justice sensitivity often experience significant distress over unfair situations and may feel compelled to act against perceived injustices, sometimes leading to obsessive thoughts or actions. This sensitivity can manifest in behaviors like advocacy or vigilantism, driven by a need to see justice restored or wrongdoers punished.

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2024-07-26T22:44:59-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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Scam Victim’s Shadow Side And What It Means For Recovery – 2024

Scam Victim’s Shadow Side And What It Means For Recovery

Helping Scam Victims Understand their Shadow Side or Shadow Self and its Effects on Their Recovery!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The “shadow side” in psychology, originally conceptualized by Carl Jung, refers to the unconscious parts of an individual’s psyche that include repressed traits, desires, and emotions. These aspects are often hidden because they are considered negative, undesirable, or incompatible with one’s self-image. Modern psychology continues to explore similar concepts, using terms like the unconscious mind, repressed emotions, and defense mechanisms.

The shadow can influence behavior and attitudes, often manifesting through projection, where individuals attribute their hidden traits to others. It also encompasses implicit biases and unacknowledged parts of the self that may affect decisions and perceptions unconsciously. Recognizing and integrating the shadow side involves bringing these hidden aspects into conscious awareness, which is essential for personal growth and psychological well-being.

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2024-07-26T12:45:20-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Staring – A Stoic Tool To Aid Scam Victim Trauma And Emotional Regulation – 2024

Staring – A Stoic Tool To Aid Scam Victim Trauma And Emotional Regulation

An Emotional Control Technique that can be used when Triggered

Primary Category: Scam Victim Psychological Recovery

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The technique of “stopping and staring,” derived from Stoic philosophy, provides valuable support for scam victims by facilitating emotional and cognitive healing. This practice involves pausing to observe and reflect on one’s thoughts and feelings, helping individuals break negative thought patterns and manage emotions more effectively.

By creating a pause for reflection, it allows victims to reframe negative self-talk, view their experiences from different perspectives, and cultivate self-compassion. Additionally, integrating vagus nerve relaxation methods, such as deep breathing and mindfulness, enhances the technique’s effectiveness in stress management.

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2024-07-23T04:20:59-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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What Is Justice For A Scam Victim? 2024

What does Justice Mean to Scam Victims?

Justice can sometimes be elusive but for Scam Victims it seems like it is Impossible! But it is Possible!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Justice for scam victims can feel elusive, as the chances of recovering lost money or seeing perpetrators arrested are slim. Instead, the best way for victims to achieve a sense of justice is by shifting their focus inward, prioritizing their own needs and recovery.

Personal healing becomes paramount in the face of financial and legal setbacks. Through professional counseling, joining support groups, and engaging in self-care, victims can regain control over their lives.

This approach empowers them to rebuild their sense of self-worth, move past the trauma, and find a renewed sense of stability and resilience, ultimately achieving a form of justice centered on their well-being.

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2024-07-18T21:03:51-04:00• FOR SCAM VICTIMS, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • PSYCHOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Feeling Overwhelmed and Overloaded in the Initial Months After the Scam – 2024

Feeling Overwhelmed and Overloaded in the Initial Months After the Scam

Helping Scam Victims Understand How Overwhelming the Process of Recovery Can Be!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Psychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

After becoming a scam victim, individuals often face overwhelming emotional and psychological turmoil in the initial months, severely limiting their ability to manage daily tasks. Emotionally, victims experience intense feelings like anger, guilt, and fear, while psychologically, they may struggle with anxiety, hypervigilance, and depression. Neurologically, trauma can disrupt brain functions, leading to heightened anxiety and difficulties in rational thinking and memory.

To stay grounded and overcome feelings of overload, victims should acknowledge their emotions, seek support, practice mindfulness, set small goals, limit exposure to triggers, take care of their bodies, educate themselves about scams, stay connected socially, use technology wisely, and seek professional help if needed. Recovery is a gradual process requiring patience and small, achievable steps to regain normalcy and emotional stability.

Read More …

2024-07-16T09:10:04-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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