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SCARS Institute West Africa Project with GISF CyberLaw Academy Series for Criminal Justice Professionals at Ghana UENR – 2024

SCARS Institute West Africa Project in Ghana – August 2024

With the help of GISF CyberLaw Academy Series for Criminal Justice Professionals at Ghana UENR

Primary Category: Advocacy and Policy

Authors:
•  SCARS Editorial Team – Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Portions from Modern Ghana

About This Article

The SCARS Institute’s West Africa Project, in collaboration with the Ghana Internet Safety Foundation (GISF), hosted a two-day CyberLaw Academy event in Sunyani to strengthen cybersecurity and justice for victims of cybercrime, including Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM).

The event brought together law enforcement, state prosecutors, and industry leaders to discuss strategies for combating cybercrime and equipping professionals with the skills needed for effective prosecution.

The event highlighted the importance of digital evidence and collaborative efforts, empowering participants with knowledge on applying Ghana’s Cybersecurity and Electronic Transactions Acts in court. The event emphasized justice for victims and building a resilient digital future in Ghana.

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2024-09-18T15:37:47-04:00• ADVOCACY / POLICY, • CRIMINAL JUSTICE, • CRIMINOLOGY, GHANA, SCARS Institute Editorial Team|
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Psychological Violence – 2024

Psychological Violence

An Overview of Why Scam Manipulation & Control are Considered Psychological Violence

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Psychological violence refers to the deliberate infliction of emotional and mental harm on an individual, often resulting in long-lasting damage to their well-being. In the context of scam victims, this type of violence manifests through the systematic grooming, manipulation, and control tactics employed by scammers.

These tactics are designed to erode the victim’s sense of self-worth, autonomy, and reality, leading to severe emotional distress. The effects of psychological violence on scam victims can include anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), compounded by feelings of shame, guilt, and self-blame.

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2024-08-27T21:20:36-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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The Mind-Brain Bias And How This Deters People From Getting Help When They Need It – 2024

The Mind-Brain Bias And How This Deters People From Getting Help When They Need It

The Challenge of Helping Scam Victims When They Cannot Accept What Has Happened to Their Brain from Trauma

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The mind-brain bias, a cognitive bias rooted in the belief that the mind and self are distinct from brain processes, significantly hinders individuals, including scam victims, from seeking essential psychological, psychiatric, or neurological help after experiencing trauma.

This bias, influenced by dualistic thinking and cultural beliefs, leads to a misunderstanding of mental health, where individuals may reject the idea that their symptoms are brain-based and instead attribute them to personal weakness or spiritual issues. As a result, victims might avoid evidence-based treatments, such as psychiatric medication or therapy, out of fear of judgment or being labeled “crazy.”

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2024-08-16T20:16:37-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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Have You Ever Considered That The Explosion Of Scams Was Purposeful Beyond Simple Crime? A Political Science Editorial – 2024

Have You Ever Considered that the Explosion of Scams Was Purposeful Beyond Simple Crime?

Sometimes Conspiracy Theories Are Real! A Political Science Editorial

Primary Category: Editorial & Commentary

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The increasing prevalence of scams, online fraud, and fear-inducing tactics pose significant risks to societal stability and economic security. These strategies can weaken social cohesion, undermine trust in institutions, and erode confidence in both economic and political systems, making the population more vulnerable to manipulation and control.

Those in power may exploit a traumatized populace by amplifying fears and offering solutions that appear to address these concerns, but which ultimately serve to consolidate authority and reduce public resistance. This dynamic can lead to a more passive and compliant society, where fear and anxiety are used to justify actions that might undermine democratic principles.

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2024-08-12T09:03:07-04:00Tim McGuinness PhD, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • SOCIOLOGY / POLITICAL SCIENCE, 2024, EDITORIAL / COMMENTARY, WORLDWIDE|
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Self-Blame Is Insidious – 2024

Self-Blame is Insidious and so Destructive!

Once Self-Blame Sets In it is Very Hard to Overcome!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Self-blame is particularly damaging for scam victims as they attempt to overcome the trauma of a relationship scam. It significantly amplifies their trauma, hinders emotional recovery, and impedes their ability to seek help and support. Self-blame distorts the victim’s perception of the scam, preventing them from recognizing the external manipulation they were subjected to. Overcoming self-blame is crucial for healing, learning from experiences, and rebuilding lives with resilience and self-compassion.

This involves acknowledging that the scam was not their fault and seeking professional help as essential steps in the recovery journey. The insidious nature of self-blame can lead to a drop in self-esteem, feelings of shame and guilt, and isolation from potential support systems.

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2024-08-08T12:31:11-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, EDITORIAL / COMMENTARY, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Ignoring Past Trauma and Abandoning Authenticity: Lessons from Gabor Maté – 2024

Ignoring Past Trauma and Abandoning Authenticity: Lessons from Gabor Maté

Exploring the Great Danger of Abandoning Authenticity for Scam Victims in Recovery

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Based on the work of Gabor Maté

About This Article

Ignoring past trauma and abandoning authenticity, as explored by Gabor Maté, highlights how individuals often suppress their true feelings and instincts to cope with pain, leading to further emotional harm. This suppression can manifest as disconnection from one’s genuine self and perpetuate cycles of trauma.

Reclaiming authenticity, especially for scam victims, involves acknowledging and expressing true emotions, rebuilding self-trust, and aligning actions with core values. This process is crucial for healing, as it helps victims restore self-worth, improve mental health, and build resilience against future vulnerabilities. Embracing authenticity allows individuals to process trauma effectively and live a life true to themselves.

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2024-08-01T09:48:10-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, ARTICLE, SCARS Institute Editorial Team|
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Summer Heat And Struggling Trauma Sufferers – 2024

Summer Heat And Struggling Trauma Sufferers

Summer Heat is Not Just a Number, it has Profound Effects on the Body and Mind

Primary Category: Scam Victims Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

High summer temperatures can significantly worsen the conditions for individuals who have experienced psychological trauma, such as scam victims. The physical discomfort of extreme heat—manifested through dehydration, heat exhaustion, and lethargy—can intensify psychological distress, as symptoms of heat stress, like increased heart rate and sweating, may resemble anxiety or panic attacks, triggering traumatic memories.

High temperatures also disrupt sleep patterns, worsening insomnia and poor sleep quality, which further impairs emotional regulation and resilience.

Additionally, heat can increase irritability and aggression, straining relationships and heightening feelings of isolation. Reduced opportunities for social interaction due to the need to stay indoors can diminish crucial support networks, compounding the challenges faced by trauma survivors.

Effective coping strategies, such as staying hydrated, maintaining a cool environment, and seeking social support, are essential to mitigate the impact of high temperatures on emotional well-being.

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2024-07-27T03:22:20-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Cognitive Ease – Another Way All Of Us Are Manipulated – 2024

Cognitive Ease – Another Way All Of Us Are Manipulated

An Example of How the Human Mind Makes Manipulation Easy!

You May Not Have Known It, but this is Every Bit as Important as Amygdala Hijacks in Causing Scams

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Scammers frequently exploit cognitive ease as a critical element in their deceptive practices, capitalizing on the human tendency to favor information that feels familiar, clear, and effortless to process.

This psychological principle reduces critical thinking, making it easier for individuals to accept and trust the information presented to them. Scammers achieve this by using tactics such as friendly and relatable language, appealing to emotions, or simplifying complex scenarios, all of which create a sense of comfort and reliability.

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2024-07-24T02:03:47-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Feeling Overwhelmed and Overloaded in the Initial Months After the Scam – 2024

Feeling Overwhelmed and Overloaded in the Initial Months After the Scam

Helping Scam Victims Understand How Overwhelming the Process of Recovery Can Be!

Primary Category: Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

After becoming a scam victim, individuals often face overwhelming emotional and psychological turmoil in the initial months, severely limiting their ability to manage daily tasks. Emotionally, victims experience intense feelings like anger, guilt, and fear, while psychologically, they may struggle with anxiety, hypervigilance, and depression. Neurologically, trauma can disrupt brain functions, leading to heightened anxiety and difficulties in rational thinking and memory.

To stay grounded and overcome feelings of overload, victims should acknowledge their emotions, seek support, practice mindfulness, set small goals, limit exposure to triggers, take care of their bodies, educate themselves about scams, stay connected socially, use technology wisely, and seek professional help if needed. Recovery is a gradual process requiring patience and small, achievable steps to regain normalcy and emotional stability.

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2024-07-16T09:10:04-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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Cultural Selection Theory or Cultural Evolution and the Dangers of Unending Financial Fraud and Scams! – 2024

Cultural Selection Theory or Cultural Evolution and the Dangers of Unending Financial Fraud and Scams!

Understanding How Our Civilization Evolved the Online Scammer

Primary Category: Criminology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The theory of civilizations involving the Preservative Force and the Innovative Force highlights the importance of both stability and change in the development and sustainability of societies. The ongoing interaction between these forces drives cultural evolution, influencing how civilizations rise, adapt, and sometimes fall. Understanding this dynamic can provide valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by contemporary and future societies.

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2024-07-14T17:11:39-04:00• CRIMINOLOGY, • ADVOCACY / POLICY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Getting Information Overload Online? – You Are Not Alone! 2024

Getting Information Overload Online? – You Are Not Alone!

Humans did NOT Evolve for the Online Life We are Living Now!

Primary Category: Scam Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Humans have evolved in environments with limited and manageable information flow, yet today we are constantly inundated with data from digital sources, leading to information overload/cognitive overload. This phenomenon occurs when the brain’s capacity to process information is exceeded, resulting in impaired attention, decision-making, and problem-solving abilities. Scammers exploit this vulnerability by using complex information to overwhelm and confuse individuals, making it difficult for them to discern essential details.

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2024-07-02T06:56:22-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • VICTIMOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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Hypergamy Delusion and Romance Scams – A Fundamental Vulnerability – 2024

Hypergamy Delusion and Romance Scams

A Fundamental Vulnerability Shaping Relationship Choices and Leading to Relationship Scams

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Hypergamy, the tendency to seek a partner of higher socioeconomic status, influences relationship dynamics shaped by evolutionary instincts, cultural norms, and contemporary aspirations. It can play an important role in romance scams/relationship scams by leading individuals to make biased choices.

Traditionally observed more among women seeking stability and social mobility, hypergamy reflects desires for financial security and status enhancement. In contrast, men often prioritize youth and physical attractiveness, rooted in evolutionary cues of reproductive fitness.

Hypergamy manifests through curated social profiles that project wealth and success, influencing partner selection in online dating and online social interactions. However, this aspiration-driven paradigm also poses risks, as scammers exploit hypergamous triggers to manipulate emotions and perpetrate financial fraud.

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2024-06-22T19:14:06-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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The Paradox Of Relationship Scams – Another Perspective – 2024

The Paradox Of Relationship Scams – Another Perspective

Another Way of Thinking About Relationship Scams from a Paradoxical Viewpoint!

Primary Category: Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Relationship scams are full of paradoxes that highlight the complex and contradictory nature of fraud. Victims are ensnared through a blend of trust and deception, where they build deep emotional connections with scammers who appear benevolent but are driven by financial greed.

This trust, intended to provide security, is paradoxically the tool of their exploitation. Similarly, scammers create a sense of empowerment and safety in their victims, encouraging bold decisions and enabling growth, only to disempower and manipulate them, leading to financial and emotional ruin.

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2024-06-04T16:14:49-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • FOR SCAM VICTIMS, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Limerence/Obsessive Love Disorder – When Your Hormones & Neurotransmitters Rule – 2024

Limerence/Obsessive Love Disorder – When Your Hormones & Neurotransmitters Rule

For Scam Victims, it was NOT LOVE – it was Limerence. But watch out that it does not turn into Obsession!

Primary Category: Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Limerence, an intense and involuntary emotional state of romantic infatuation, can be manipulated by scammers to control their victims. This emotional hijacking involves the release of key neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, which creates feelings of pleasure, arousal, and obsessive thoughts about the scammer.

Characteristics of limerence include intrusive thoughts, emotional dependency, idealization, fear of rejection, and physiological responses like increased heart rate and sweating.

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2024-06-01T16:48:31-04:00Tim McGuinness PhD, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • PSYCHOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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The Dangers Of Teen Sextortion Scams – 2024

The Dangers Of Teen Sextortion Scams

An Introduction to Teen Sextortion Scams and the Damage it does!

Primary Category: Scam Basics

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Teen sextortion scams are a significant threat in today’s world, exploiting teens’ vulnerabilities by luring them into fake relationships and extorting money.

These scams cause devastating emotional and psychological impacts, such as psychological trauma, intense fear, anxiety, shame, guilt, depression, and suicidal thoughts, often leading to isolation.

Socially, they damage reputations, disrupt education, and erode trust in relationships.

Financially, victims face monetary losses and jeopardized future financial security.

Legally, these scams expose teens to criminal networks and potential involvement in illegal activities, risking their safety.

To combat this, education, open communication, strong privacy practices, and prompt reporting are crucial for protecting teens from sextortion.

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2024-06-01T00:33:29-04:00• MECHANICS OF SCAMS, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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People Often Cannot Recognize That They Have Depression – 2024

People Often Cannot Recognize That They Have Depression

Helping Scam Victims Understand What Depression Is and Why So Many Survivors Cannot Recognize that they Have It!

Primary Category: Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  National Institute of Mental Health, and other sources

About This Article

Recognizing depression, especially at its onset, can be challenging as symptoms often develop gradually. Depression, or major depressive disorder, can affect anyone, including scam victims, presenting with persistent sadness, anxiety, hopelessness, guilt, loss of interest, fatigue, cognitive issues, sleep disturbances, appetite changes, and physical discomfort.

There are two main types: major depression, which severely impacts daily activities for at least two weeks, and persistent depressive disorder, with milder symptoms lasting at least two years. The difficulty in recognizing depression is compounded by factors like self-blame, a bleak perspective, internalized stigma, and cognitive impairment.

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2024-05-29T18:15:07-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • SCAM VICTIM HEALTH, 2024, Additional Authors, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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The Similarity/Attraction Theory And Relationship Scams – 2024

The Similarity/Attraction Theory And Relationship Scams

Another Example of How Our Own Psychology Heavily Influences Our Susceptibility to be Deceived!

Primary Category: Psychology of Scams

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The Similarity/Attraction Theory posits that individuals are drawn to others who share similar characteristics, such as attitudes, values, interests, and backgrounds, creating a sense of comfort and predictability. This theory is linked to cognitive biases like confirmation bias, in-group bias, homophily, stereotyping, the halo effect, and similarity bias, that reinforce our natural preference for similar others.

Scammers exploit these biases in trust-based relationship scams by fabricating similarities to establish credibility and manipulate victims. By creating a sense of familiarity and emotional connection, scammers gain the victim’s trust and deepen their dependency.

Understanding these tactics and biases is important in recognizing and preventing scams.

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2024-05-26T04:20:12-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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Why Are We More Likely To Trust Total Strangers Now? 2024

Why Are We More Likely To Trust Total Strangers Now?

We were not always like this! Even 120 years ago, trusting did not come normally in society.

An Anthropological & Sociological Essay

Main Categories: Cognitive Biases / Anthropology / Sociology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The evolution of trust from cautiousness to openness towards strangers reflects a complex interplay of historical, cultural, and technological factors.

Initially spurred by post-pandemic euphoria and the Roaring Twenties’ optimism, trust eroded during World War II, rebounded briefly post-war, and waned again during the Cold War.

The Flower Generation challenged norms in the 1960s, fostering unity and trust.

The digital revolution accelerated trust normalization, facilitated by social media, e-commerce, and peer-to-peer economies.

Today, familiarity, social proof, and cognitive biases shape trust behaviors, despite vulnerabilities exploited by cybercriminals.

Balancing trust with vigilance is a survival necessity in maintaining safe interactions with anyone now! Where the allure of trust often collides with the reality of exploitation is where the criminal element hides.

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2024-05-19T21:18:44-04:00• VICTIMOLOGY, • PSYCHOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Hollywood Effect – Romance Entitlement Vulnerability – Believing You Are Entitled To A Perfect Romantic Partner – 2024

Hollywood Effect – Romance Entitlement Vulnerability – Believing You Are Entitled To A Perfect Romantic Partner

Hollywood Effect/Disney Syndrome – Cognitive Biases play a giant role in all Scam Victims’ Vulnerabilities

Psychology of Scams

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Victims of romance scams often fall prey to a unique vulnerability known as the ‘Hollywood Effect’ or ‘Disney Syndrome,’ where they harbor unrealistic expectations about finding the perfect partner, particularly in the realm of online dating. This cognitive bias, fueled by idealized portrayals of romance in media and popular culture, sets the stage for scammers to exploit individuals seeking their own fairy tale romance.

Because of this, victims overlook red flags and dismiss imperfections in pursuit of an idealized image of love, leaving them susceptible to manipulation and deception. Recognizing the signs of the Hollywood Effect is crucial for avoiding romance scams and approaching relationships with authenticity and resilience.

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2024-05-12T02:00:30-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Psychological Trauma Or PTSD And Chronic Headaches And Migraines – 2024

Psychological Trauma Or PTSD And Chronic Headaches And Migraines

Understanding the relationship between Trauma and Physiological Effects such as Chronic Headaches or Migraines on Scam Victims

Solmatic & Physical Effects on Scam Victims

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The intricate connection between PTSD or psychological trauma and chronic headaches or migraines highlights the profound impact these conditions have on individuals’ lives, particularly those who have experienced significant psychological trauma.

While stress headaches, also known as tension headaches, are prevalent worldwide, affecting up to 80% of adults and children at some point in their lives, trauma-related headaches present distinct challenges. Trauma-induced headaches, often observed in individuals with PTSD, may manifest as migraines, tension headaches, or other types of headaches, exacerbating cognitive impairment or brain fog.

Psychological distress and emotional dysregulation commonly associated with trauma-related headaches can further impair cognitive function, making it challenging to focus, think clearly, or perform cognitive tasks effectively.

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2024-04-29T10:02:54-04:00• SCAM VICTIM HEALTH, • PSYCHOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Emmanuel Kant And The Morality Of Scams – An Essay – 2024

Emmanuel Kant And The Morality Of Scams

An Essay about Moral Duty and Scams

Philosophy of Scams

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

In the work we do of scam victim advocacy and support, Emmanuel Kant’s philosophy can play an important role in guiding our approach to understanding and addressing the moral complexities inherent in scams and their aftermath. Kantian ethics, with its emphasis on universalizability, respect for autonomy, duty-based morality, and rationality, provides valuable insights into the ethical dimensions of relationship scams and the experiences of scam victims.

Of course, scammers violate Kant’s principles by treating victims as mere means to an end, exploiting their vulnerabilities, and undermining their autonomy. As victims navigate their recovery process, Kantian ethics underscores their moral duty to prioritize self-care, seek justice, respect their autonomy, engage in rational reflection, and educate others about the dangers of scams.

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2024-04-23T03:07:35-04:00• ADVOCACY / POLICY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, EDITORIAL / COMMENTARY, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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The Relationship Between Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS/ME) And Psychological Trauma – A Review – 2024

The Relationship Between Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS/ME) And Psychological Trauma – A Review

Understanding the Correlation between Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Psychological Trauma

Scam Victim Recovery

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Experiencing a major traumatic event, such as falling victim to a relationship scam, can deeply impact both physical and psychological well-being. Following such trauma, it’s vital to undergo comprehensive evaluation, both medically and psychologically, to address any potential issues.

Dismissing even minor symptoms as normal can be detrimental, as they may indicate underlying health problems or conditions. Seeking medical evaluation helps identify physical concerns arising from stress and anxiety, like fatigue or sleep disturbances, which should not be overlooked.

Similarly, psychological evaluation is crucial for managing emotions and potential mental health disorders like depression or PTSD. Ignoring symptoms may prolong suffering, so seeking professional support facilitates healing and resilience.

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2024-04-22T02:39:32-04:00• SCAM VICTIM HEALTH, • PSYCHOLOGY, 2024, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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SCARS Is Changing The Way Ghana West Africa Thinks About Scams Fraud & Cybercrime – April 2024

SCARS is Changing the way Ghana West Africa thinks about Scams Fraud & Cybercrime

SCARS Director Dr. Tim McGuinness was presenting to the Ghana Police Service Academy on April 15th, 2024

Authors:
•  SCARS Editorial Team – Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Portions from the Ghana Internet Safety Foundation

About This Article

The ePolice Academy 2024 International Edition, a collaborative initiative by the Ghana Police Service and the Ghana Internet Safety Foundation, recently concluded with resounding success in Sunyani, Ghana.

The event, held at Sheila’s Executive Hotel, gathered cybersecurity experts and law enforcement officers to explore the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in cyber forensic investigations and enhance online safety. Key speakers like Dr. Edward Danso Ansong, Dr. Isaac Tweneboah-Koduah, and Dr. Tim McGuinness of SCARS provided invaluable insights into AI’s role in cybersecurity and the impact of cybercrime on victims.

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2024-04-20T02:22:09-04:00• ADVOCACY / POLICY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, Additional Authors, ARTICLE, GHANA, SCARS Institute Editorial Team|
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The Zeigarnik Effect On Mind And Perception – Have You Ever Noticed? A Cognitive Bias – 2024

The Zeigarnik Effect On Mind And Perception – Have You Ever Noticed? Strange Qualities Of Perception After A Scam!

A Cognitive Bias connected to many Detrimental Effects in Scam Victims

The Zeigarnik Effect is one of the Most Fundamental Cognitive Biases that most have never heard of!

Authors:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

The Zeigarnik Effect, a cognitive bias identified by Bluma Zeigarnik, intensifies the distress of scam victims by perpetuating intrusive thoughts and emotional turmoil.

Following a scam, victims obsessively ruminate on unresolved questions and the perpetrator, fueled by a relentless pursuit of closure. Scammers exploit this bias, manipulating victims through emotional attachment and inducing impulsive actions.

In phishing scams, the Zeigarnik Effect triggers impulsive behavior as individuals seek resolution to unanswered questions. Recognizing this effect is crucial for understanding victim experiences and providing effective support.

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2024-04-16T06:52:04-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Transference And Emotional Danger After The Scam – 2024

Transference And Emotional Danger After The Scam

Understanding The Emotional Transference That Can Happen After The Scam Ends

Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
Updated 2024 – Originally published on RomanceScamsNOW.com 2019

About This Article

The article delves into the psychological concept of transference, particularly as it relates to scam victims, outlining its role in hindering recovery.

Transference, an unconscious process redirecting emotions and expectations from past relationships onto current individuals, emerges prominently in scam contexts. Victims often develop deep emotional bonds with fabricated personas, later struggling to accept the deception and projecting feelings onto innocent individuals, such as those whose photos were misappropriated.

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2024-03-29T23:44:01-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, VIDEO / AUDIO|
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‘Mental Defeat’ – The Unique Condition Of Giving Up – 2024

‘Mental Defeat’ – The Unique Condition Of Giving Up

A Complete Breakdown of Resilience – Beyond Denial and Resignation

Scam Victim Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

In the face of overwhelming adversity, mental defeat can be a profound human response, marking a breakdown in resilience and coping mechanisms. Whether triggered by encountering a superior force, falling victim to a scam, or experiencing betrayal, the shock of defeat can lead individuals to completely give up.

This reaction stems from our primal instincts and emotional responses, often leaving us feeling powerless and overwhelmed. The freeze response, similar to encountering a predator in the wild, can cause individuals to assume subservience, lasting far longer than the initial threat.

In scams, victims may experience a similar sense of resignation, compounded by feelings of embarrassment, anger, and vulnerability. Mental defeat represents a breakdown of resilience because it undermines our capacity to cope effectively with adversity, eroding self-efficacy, motivation, and belief in our ability to influence outcomes.

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2024-03-24T07:51:33-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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Having An Identity Crisis Because Of The Scam And Loss – 2024

Having An Identity Crisis Because Of The Scam And Loss

Helping Scam Victims to Understand the Psychological Effects of Relationship Scams

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Experiencing a significant loss, whether it’s due to a romance scam, investment fraud, divorce, job termination, or business failure, often triggers a profound identity crisis. This crisis induces a deep sense of failure in individuals as they grapple with the disruption to their core beliefs, values, and sense of self-worth.

Victims of scams, in particular, face a unique challenge as they confront the betrayal of trust and the shattered illusions they held about love, intimacy, or financial security. This assault on their core beliefs leads to a range of emotional responses, from shock and disbelief to anger, sadness, and despair.

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2024-10-13T10:15:29-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, 2024, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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$3.1 Trillion – Recovering Transnational Organized Crime Profits – Reimagining the World – An Essay – 2024

$3.1 Trillion – Recovering Organized Crime Profits – Reimagining the World

An Essay

How We Can Make A Better World

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Reclaiming the $3.1 trillion lost yearly to transnational organized crime could fuel massive societal transformation.

Redirecting these funds towards education, healthcare, infrastructure, and environmental conservation could spark progress globally. Achieving this vision requires disrupting criminal networks, enhancing law enforcement cooperation, and implementing robust policy reforms. It starts with awareness, commitment, and collective action to reclaim the potential hidden within those lost trillions from transnational organized crime.

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2024-02-06T08:04:39-05:00• ADVOCACY / POLICY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2024, EDITORIAL / COMMENTARY, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Reclaiming Your Worth: A Scam Survivor’s Guide to Navigating Your Worthiness After a Scam – 2023

Reclaiming Your Worth

A Scam Survivor’s Guide to Navigating Your Worthiness After the Scam

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

Your Worth? AXIOS! You Are Worthy

Falling victim to a scam can feel like a brutal assault on your identity and your worth.

The perpetrator, skilled in the art of deception, exploits your trust and vulnerabilities, leaving you reeling with a cocktail of anger, betrayal, and profound self-doubt.

The question that echoes through the haze of disillusionment becomes a gnawing refrain: “Am I still worthy?”

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2023-12-27T04:01:11-05:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2023, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Magic & Relationship Scams – Both Involve Similar Manipulation & Control – 2023

Magic & Relationship Scams – Both Involve Similar Manipulation & Control

Lessons Learned From Magic In How Scammers Manipulate Scam Victims Into and During Relationship Scams

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

Just Like Scammers, Magic Relies On Significant Manipulation & Control

In fact, what we call magic today began in ancient history as methods to scam people from their wealth

Magic tricks and relationship scams may seem worlds apart, but both rely on intricate psychological manipulation techniques to achieve their ends.

While magic aims to entertain and amaze through illusion, relationship scams prey on emotions and trust, resulting in deceit and exploitation.

Let’s explore the parallels and differences in the manipulation techniques employed in both scenarios.

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2023-12-24T00:51:46-05:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2023, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Trauma & Nutritional Health – Take Your Vitamins – 2023

Trauma & Nutritional Health – Take Your Vitamins

Understanding The Role That B Vitamins Can Play In Helping Scam Victims To Recover And Maintain Nutritional Health

Authors:
•  Debby Montgomery Johnson – CEO of BenfoComplete, Nonprofit Founder, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

Trauma can have profound effects on a scam victim’s physical health, emphasizing the importance of holistic care beyond emotional and psychological support. Alongside counseling, attention to nutrition, including B vitamin supplements like thiamine, can aid in recovery.

While research on B vitamins’ role in trauma recovery is ongoing, they play vital roles in mental health and nervous system function. Thiamine, for example, impacts mood and cognitive function, while riboflavin contributes to energy metabolism and antioxidant activity. Folate and vitamin B12 influence neurotransmitter regulation and cognitive function, indirectly affecting emotional well-being. However, it’s essential to consult healthcare professionals before supplementing, to ensure safety and efficacy.

Comprehensive trauma recovery involves therapy, medication, lifestyle changes, and nutritional support, guided by professional advice and tailored to individual needs.

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2024-05-10T14:34:51-04:00• PSYCHOLOGY, • FEATURED ARTICLE, 2023, ARTICLE, Debby Montgomery Johnson, Tim McGuinness PhD|
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Motivational Denial – Recovery Psychology – 2023

Motivational Denial

Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

How Motivational Denial Can Hold People Back From Emotional Recovery – Especially Scam Victims

One of the things that can be hardest for new victims is total acceptance!

Motivational Denial can hold Victims Back

Relationship scam victims have been through the traumatic experience of believing in a totally false story spun by the criminals who stole from them.

But in the days that follow, that tendency to continue magical thinking remains. Victims are desperately looking for a savior, a path forward, and how to diminish the guilt and shame they feel.

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2023-12-19T15:58:35-05:00Tim McGuinness PhD, • PSYCHOLOGY, 2023, ARTICLE, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych)|
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Fibromyalgia & Psychological Trauma Link – Medical Health Alert – 2023

Fibromyalgia & Psychological Trauma Link – Medical Health Alert

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

Connection Between Psychological Trauma And Fibromyalgia Is A Complex

The connection between psychological trauma and fibromyalgia is a complex and multifaceted one, with growing research suggesting a significant link between the two!

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2023-12-14T04:25:22-05:00Tim McGuinness PhD, • FEATURED ARTICLE, • SCAM VICTIM HEALTH, 2023, ARTICLE|
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The Forever Con Artist – A World History Of Deception – An Editorial About Scammers/Fraudsters – 2023

The Forever Con Artist – A World History Of Deception

Author:
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

The Forever Con Artist – A Journey Through Time

Unveiling the History of Con Men and Women – Understanding That Scams Have Always Been With Us!

The Forever Con Artist has always been something that interested me as an Anthropologist, Archaeologist, and Historian. While working on archeological projects in Mesoamerica and South America, I have always been fascinated by each culture’s tricksters and how ubiquitous they always were. I have often wondered to what extend scammers or fraudsters or tricksters were in the ancient world, because they are not a new phenomenon. Scams, fraud, and cons have always been with us – even animals are capable of pulling them off.

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2023-12-09T05:34:51-05:00• FEATURED ARTICLE, 2023, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, WORLDWIDE|
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Anger & Self-Radicalization – Recovery Psychology 2023

Anger & Self-Radicalization

How Scam Victims Radicalize Themselves

Recovery Psychology

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

Anger & Self-Radicalization – When A Relationship Scam Ends Victims Face Many Demons, From Shock To Fear & Horror To Desperation To Anger!

Anger can often be the default state when a scam is discovered, a victim’s world collapses and what they thought was real and certain is proved to be anything but. The desire for certainty in some victims can be overwhelming regardless of what the impact will be on them psychologically.

Many victims will give in to denial as a way of coping with the incredible trauma they experience. While others, more realistic know that something terrible happened to them and they need help to survive it. However, another group trying to cope with their fear transforms their fear into anger, using this as a way to stabilize their world and create certainty where none now exists.

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2023-12-10T15:01:17-05:00• FEATURED ARTICLE, • PSYCHOLOGY, 2023, ARTICLE, Tim McGuinness PhD, Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych), WORLDWIDE|
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Striatum – Psychology of Scams 2023

Striatum – Inside the Brain of a Scam Victim

Psychology of Scams

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

Striatum – Our Journey Into The Brain Of Scam Victims Continues

The striatum is a cluster of interconnected nuclei that form a part of the basal ganglia, a group of structures in the brain that are involved in motor control, habit formation, reward, and decision-making.

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2023-11-11T21:28:26-05:00Uncategorized|
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Psychological Triggers/Emotional Triggers – What They Are And How They Work – 2023/2024

Psychological Triggers/Emotional Triggers – What They Are And How They Work

SCARS Recovery Psychology

Author:
•  Vianey Gonzalez – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

What Are Psychological Triggers or Emotional Triggers?

Why Do They Have So Much Control Over Our Emotions And Mind?

A psychological trigger is a stimulus that elicits or provokes a strong emotional or psychological response.

Psychological triggers can be anything from a sound or smell to a person or place, or something you read, or even a memory. They are usually associated with past traumatic or stressful experiences.

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2023-11-08T15:47:16-05:00Uncategorized|
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PTSD And Complex PTSD – The Difference Between Them – 2023

PTSD And Complex PTSD – The Difference Between Them

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

Understanding the Scam Victim’s Challenges Navigating the Differences Between PTSD and Complex PTSD

Scam victims face intricate nuances in their trauma, by shedding light on the contrasting impacts of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD) we hope to educate victims on their differences. By exploring these differences, victims can gain a deeper understanding of the emotional struggles they may face and how these distinct forms of trauma manifest.

Remember, this is not a replacement for professional counseling or therapy, we only hope to offer valuable insights for those navigating the path to recovery.

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2023-11-06T10:36:55-05:00Uncategorized|
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PTSD and Complex Grief/Complicated Grief – What Are The Differences? 2023

PTSD and Complex Grief – What Are The Differences?

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

PTSD and Complex Grief/Complicated Grief: The Two Main Disorders That Often Confuse Scam Survivors And That Affect Scam Victims (Not Including Anxiety Or Depression)

These two main disorders are PTSD and Complex Grief. Scam victims can easily develop one or the other. It is often the case that victims tend to gravitate towards the label PTSD because it is better known, but may not be the right term for what they are experiencing.

This is why it is so important to have a professional therapist to help make these diagnoses.

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2023-11-04T11:03:32-04:00Uncategorized|
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Understanding Criminality – What Is Its Essence? 2023

Criminality – What Is Its Essence?

Author:
• Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

Understanding the Essence of Criminality is Very Difficult For Victims!

The essence of criminality involves engaging in actions or behaviors that are prohibited by law and deemed harmful to individuals, communities, or society as a whole.

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2023-10-29T13:09:52-04:00Uncategorized|
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