What Is The Difference Between Trauma And Grief?

Helping Scam Victims Understand the Importance of Trauma and How to Prioritize It

Authors:
•  Vianey Gonzalez B.Sc(Psych) – Licensed Psychologist Specialty in Crime Victim Trauma Therapy, Neuropsychologist, Certified Deception Professional, Psychology Advisory Panel & Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.
•  Tim McGuinness, Ph.D. – Anthropologist, Scientist, Director of the Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams Inc.

About This Article

This article’s discussion sheds light on the intricate nature of trauma, emphasizing its dual impact as both a psychological and physical injury. Trauma disrupts normal brain functioning, leading to cognitive, emotional, and memory disturbances, while also causing changes in brain structure and chemistry.

This psychological toll manifests in symptoms like hypervigilance and mood disturbances. Moreover, trauma elicits physical responses such as headaches and muscle tension, stemming from the body’s stress response mechanisms. Recognizing trauma’s multifaceted nature underscores the importance of holistic approaches to healing and recovery, addressing both psychological and physical aspects to promote comprehensive well-being.

The Conflict in Scam Victim’s Minds over Trauma and Grief

Trauma and Grief in Scam Victims

Trauma survivors, such as Scam Victims, often struggle to differentiate between trauma and grief due to the complex and overlapping nature of these experiences.

Here’s why it can be challenging for scam victims, in particular, to understand the difference between trauma and grief, as well as the order in which they need to be addressed:

  • Complexity of Emotions: Scam victims experience a wide range of emotions, including shock, disbelief, anger, sadness, guilt, and shame. These emotions can be intertwined and overwhelming, making it difficult to identify specific feelings associated with trauma or grief.
  • Ambiguity of Loss: Scam victims experience a sense of loss not only for the financial or material resources they’ve lost but also for loss of the relationship that helped to destroy their sense of security, trust, and well-being. This ambiguity of loss can blur the lines between trauma and grief, as victims struggle to make sense of their experiences and come to terms with their losses.
  • Betrayal and Violation: Scam victims often experience a profound sense of betrayal and violation, as they realize that they have been deceived and manipulated by someone they trusted. This betrayal trauma can evoke feelings of grief for the loss of trust and the shattered sense of security, as well as trauma-related symptoms such as hypervigilance, flashbacks, and avoidance.
  • Disruption of Identity: Scam victims may also experience a disruption of their sense of identity and self-concept, as they grapple with feelings of shame, self-blame, and inadequacy. This existential crisis can exacerbate feelings of grief for the loss of the self they once knew and deepen the psychological impact of the trauma.
  • Timing of Processing: Scam victims will prioritize addressing the immediate practical and financial consequences of the scam, such as reporting the crime, seeking restitution, and recovering stolen assets. As a result, they may delay or neglect to address the emotional and psychological aspects of their experience, including grief and trauma, until they feel more stable and secure, which helps to confuse or even hide the trauma.
  • Stigma and Shame: Scam victims also experience stigma and shame associated with being victimized, which can make it difficult to acknowledge and seek support for their emotional struggles. They may fear judgment or blame from others, leading them to suppress or minimize their feelings of grief and trauma.
  • Trauma Bias: Scam victims often associate trauma with mental illness, when in fact i is an injury. Whereas Grief is viewed (at least now) as a normal emotional response and not stigmatizing.

Trauma vs. Grief

Psychological trauma and grief in scam victims are both emotional experiences that can have profound effects on individuals, but they differ in their clinical presentation and underlying causes:

  1. Psychological Trauma in Scam Victims:

    • Definition: Psychological trauma refers to the psychological injury with its emotional responses to a distressing or disturbing event that overwhelms an individual’s ability to cope. Traumatic events can include experiences such as accidents, natural disasters, violence, abuse, or witnessing traumatic events.
    • Clinical Features: Trauma often leads to a range of emotional and psychological symptoms (as well as physical,) including flashbacks, nightmares, intrusive thoughts, hypervigilance, avoidance behaviors, emotional numbing, difficulty concentrating, irritability, and heightened anxiety or arousal.
    • Underlying Mechanisms: Trauma results from the perception of threat or harm to oneself or others, leading to a dysregulated stress response and alterations in brain functioning. Traumatic experiences can disrupt one’s sense of safety, trust, and self-esteem, leading to profound emotional and psychological distress that is at the heart of this injury.
    • Physical Not Just Emotional: Trauma: Trauma is a whole-body experience that manifests as both a psychological and physical injury, leaving a profound impact on individuals’ overall health. Psychologically, trauma disrupts the brain’s normal functioning, altering cognitive processes, emotional regulation, and memory encoding. It can lead to symptoms such as hypervigilance, intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, and mood disturbances, which significantly impair individuals’ ability to function and cope with daily life. Moreover, trauma can cause changes in brain structure and chemistry, affecting regions associated with stress response, emotion processing, and fear conditioning. Physically, trauma can manifest as somatic symptoms such as headaches, muscle tension, gastrointestinal distress, and cardiovascular problems. These physical manifestations often stem from the body’s physiological response to stress and trauma, including heightened arousal (usually of the amygdala), dysregulated autonomic nervous system activity, and chronic inflammation. Thus, trauma represents a complex interaction between psychological and physical processes, highlighting the need for comprehensive approaches to healing and recovery.
  2. Grief in Scam Victims:

    • Definition: Grief is the emotional response to the loss of a significant person or relationship. It is a natural and normal reaction to the experience of loss and encompasses a range of emotions, including sadness, longing, anger, guilt, and regret.
    • Clinical Features: Grief typically involves a process of mourning and adjustment to the loss, characterized by emotional fluctuations and periods of intense sadness interspersed with moments of acceptance and meaning-making. The intensity and duration of grief can vary widely among individuals and may be influenced by factors such as the nature of the loss, the individual’s coping skills, and their support network.
    • Underlying Mechanisms: Grief is a complex emotional process that involves coming to terms with the reality of the loss, adjusting to life without the deceased, and finding ways to integrate the loss into one’s ongoing narrative of life. It often involves a search for meaning and purpose in the face of loss and may lead to personal growth and transformation over time.

While psychological trauma and grief share some overlapping symptoms, such as sadness and emotional distress, they differ in their underlying causes and clinical presentations. Trauma is typically characterized by the overwhelming response to a threatening or harmful event, whereas grief arises in response to the loss of a significant person or relationship. Understanding these differences is essential for providing appropriate support and interventions to individuals experiencing trauma or grief. It is generally not possible to properly process grief without learning to manage the underlying trauma.

Trauma as an Injury in Scam Victims

Psychological trauma is usually considered an injury, that affects mental and emotional well-being as well as physical health. Psychological trauma results from exposure to distressing or disturbing events that overwhelm an individual’s ability to cope, leading to profound emotional and psychological distress, as well as physical symptoms that can become permanent.

While physical injuries are typically visible and tangible, psychological trauma manifests as invisible wounds that affect mental and emotional functioning. Trauma can have a significant impact on various aspects of an individual’s life, including their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, relationships, and overall quality of life – both psychological and physical.

Psychological trauma can result from a wide range of experiences, including:

  1. Crimes: Being the victim of a crime – from burglary to fraud.
  2. Accidents: Involvement in or witnessing accidents, such as car crashes or industrial accidents.
  3. Natural Disasters: Experiencing or witnessing natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, or floods.
  4. Violence: Being a victim of or witnessing violence, including physical assault, sexual abuse, domestic violence, or terrorism.
  5. Abuse: Experiencing physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, particularly during childhood.
  6. Loss or Bereavement: Experiencing the death of a loved one or the loss of a significant relationship.
  7. Combat: Exposure to combat or military-related trauma, such as warfare or combat-related injuries.
  8. Medical Trauma: Traumatic experiences related to medical procedures, illness, or injury.

Psychological trauma can have profound and long-lasting effects on an individual’s mental health and well-being, leading to symptoms such as:

  • Flashbacks and intrusive memories of the traumatic event.
  • Nightmares and sleep disturbances.
  • Hypervigilance and heightened arousal.
  • Avoidance of reminders of the trauma.
  • Emotional numbing and detachment.
  • Difficulty concentrating and memory problems.
  • Irritability, anger, or outbursts of emotion.
  • Feelings of guilt, shame, or self-blame.
  • Changes in mood, appetite, or energy levels.
  • Social withdrawal and isolation.
  • Impaired functioning in work, school, or daily activities.

These symptoms can significantly impact an individual’s ability to function in various areas of their life and may require professional intervention and support to address effectively. Treatment for psychological trauma often involves trauma-specialized psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), or trauma-focused therapy, or others.

What Is The Difference Between Trauma And Grief For Scam Victims? 2024
People who have experienced trauma - Infographic

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A Question of Trust

At the SCARS Institute, we invite you to do your own research on the topics we speak about and publish, Our team investigates the subject being discussed, especially when it comes to understanding the scam victims-survivors experience. You can do Google searches but in many cases, you will have to wade through scientific papers and studies. However, remember that biases and perspectives matter and influence the outcome. Regardless, we encourage you to explore these topics as thoroughly as you can for your own awareness.

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PLEASE NOTE: Psychology Clarification

The following specific modalities within the practice of psychology are restricted to psychologists appropriately trained in the use of such modalities:

  • Diagnosis: The diagnosis of mental, emotional, or brain disorders and related behaviors.
  • Psychoanalysis: Psychoanalysis is a type of therapy that focuses on helping individuals to understand and resolve unconscious conflicts.
  • Hypnosis: Hypnosis is a state of trance in which individuals are more susceptible to suggestion. It can be used to treat a variety of conditions, including anxiety, depression, and pain.
  • Biofeedback: Biofeedback is a type of therapy that teaches individuals to control their bodily functions, such as heart rate and blood pressure. It can be used to treat a variety of conditions, including stress, anxiety, and pain.
  • Behavioral analysis: Behavioral analysis is a type of therapy that focuses on changing individuals’ behaviors. It is often used to treat conditions such as autism and ADHD.
    Neuropsychology: Neuropsychology is a type of psychology that focuses on the relationship between the brain and behavior. It is often used to assess and treat cognitive impairments caused by brain injuries or diseases.

SCARS and the members of the SCARS Team do not engage in any of the above modalities in relationship to scam victims. SCARS is not a mental healthcare provider and recognizes the importance of professionalism and separation between its work and that of the licensed practice of psychology.

SCARS is an educational provider of generalized self-help information that individuals can use for their own benefit to achieve their own goals related to emotional trauma. SCARS recommends that all scam victims see professional counselors or therapists to help them determine the suitability of any specific information or practices that may help them.

SCARS cannot diagnose or treat any individuals, nor can it state the effectiveness of any educational information that it may provide, regardless of its experience in interacting with traumatized scam victims over time. All information that SCARS provides is purely for general educational purposes to help scam victims become aware of and better understand the topics and to be able to dialog with their counselors or therapists.

It is important that all readers understand these distinctions and that they apply the information that SCARS may publish at their own risk, and should do so only after consulting a licensed psychologist or mental healthcare provider.

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